LEITNER, GOTTLIEB WILLIAM, PH.D., b. at Pesth, Hungary, 1330. His father, a German physician, becoming involved in the revolution of 1849, went to Turkey, where Gottlieb, who had been well instructed in the classics, became master of the Turkish, Ara bic, and modern Greek. He also learned English, French, and Italian at the British col lege in Malta, and was interpreter to the English commissariat during the Crimean war. After the war was over he went to London, was naturalized as a British subject, and accepted an appointment as professor of oriental languages and Mohammedan law in King's college. In 1864 he was appointed director of a college at Lahore, in the Punjab. In that country he founded many societies, schools, public libraries, and colleges, and established several newspapers, thus setting in play large influences for the enlighten ment of the people. He organized the Punjab university upon a solid basis. He hiso found time to engage in the exploration of Thibet and the other countries n. of the Himalayas, discovering Dardistan, with its interesting group of languages. He also extended his philological researches to the languages of Cation], Cashmere, and Badakh shan, ant.1 sent to the Vienna exposition an extensive collection of Central Asiatic antiq uities. His principal works, besides numerous contributions to the collections of learned societies in England and upon the continent, are a Philosophical Grammar of Arabic, in the English, Urdu, and Arabic languages; Time Races of Turk,iy; a Compara tive Grammar of the Dardu Languages; History, Songs, and Legends of Dardistan; and Graeo-Buddhist Diseoteries.
LErTOMISCHL, or LEUTOMISCHEL, a t. of Bohemia, 84 in. e.s.e. from Prague. It stands on the left bank of the Launcha, an affluent of the Elbe. A castle, erected in the 16th c., is esteemed one of the finest buildings of its kind in Bohemia. LeitomiSchl has manufactures of linen, and an active trade in corn, fish, and wine. Pop. '69, 7,021.
LErTRIM, a co. of the province of Connaught. in Ireland, which to the n. has a small coast-line on the bay of Donegal. Area 613 sq.m., or 392,363 acres, of which 249,350 are arable. The surface of Leitrim is irregular. It is divided into two parts by a considerable lake called Lough Allen. The southern division is broken up by low narrow ridges, which inclose numerous small lakes, the chief of which is called Lough Rinn. The more level portion of this division of the county forms part of the great
limestone plain of Ireland; and contains some excellent arable and pasture land. The northern division is much more irregular in surface, being intersected by several ridges of considerable elevation. To the D. of Lough Allen the soil, except at rare intervals, is unfavorable for agriculture, and the climate is damp and ungenial. The principal crops are potatoes, oats, and hay; but, on the whole, the condition of the agriculture, con sidering the many inventions and improvements recently made, is not forward, the total number of acres under crops of all kinds having been, in 1877, 83,148. Leitrim. how ever, is more a. grazing than a tillage district. Large quantities of horned cattle are raised in the southern division. The total number of cattle in 1877 was 83.266; of sheep, 13,717. Turf is abundant in all Tarts of the county. The pop. in 1871 numbered 95,562. Of these, 85,974 were Roman Catholics, 8,385 Protestants of the Episcopal church, and the lest Protestants of other denominations. The number of children attending national schools in 1876 was 24,478. The river Shannon (q. v.) enters this county near its source in Cavan, and traversing Lough Allen, passes out at the southern extremity of Leitrim. Of other rivers, the Bonnet, the Yellow river, and the Daff may be especially mentioned. The only towns of any note are Carrick-on-Shannon, Manor Hamilton. and Mohill. The northern division of the county is more rich in minerals than most districts of Ireland. Coal is found in the Lough Allen basin, the chief work ing-beds being in the Slieve-an-Ierin mountains, where it is raised for smelting purposes In the same district is found iron, the ore of the Arigna mines yielding as much as 58.2 per cent of metal. Lead ore is also abundant, although the mining operations have been discontinued. The occupation of the people being chiefly agricultural, there are hardly any manufactures.
Leitrim anciently formed part of the territory of Breifne O'Rourk. It was reduced to the English submission in the reign of Elizabeth, but revolted in 1588, submitting once more in 1603, when the O'Rourk accepted a patent of the. residue Of his estate. The confiscations which followed the great civil war may be said to have extinguished the native proprietary and the family of O'Rourk.