INJUNCTION (ante), in legal practice. a writ of a court with equity jurisdiction. addressed to a party or parties defendant, commanding the performance or non performance of some specific act. It is either prohibitory or mandatory: in the one case forbidding a certain act, in the other commanding something to lie done for instance, it may either forbid the creation of a threatened nuisance. or enjoin its removal if established. It is borrowed from the Roman law, which, under the name of inter diet," had a very wide application. A. court of chancery, having assumed jurisdiction of a case, will, if necessary, enjoin the defendant from taking the same action before a court of law. But for the exercise of this power on the part of a chance:kw, conflicts of jurisdiction, detrimental to the public welfare and vexatious to private citizens, might often arise. It is a rule of chancery et:11M% however, not to grant injunctions where litigants have an available remedy in courts of law. An injunction is either temporary or perpetual. A temporary injunction is issued upon ex parte evidence, and is designed to bring both parties into court for an impartial hearing. If it appear that there was No just warrant for the injunction, it will be dissolved; if it be found to rest upon equitable grounds, it will be mode perpetual. Injunctions are often employed to pre vent infringements of patents. copyrights, and trade-marks, and in some special cases to restrain breaches of covenants and agreements. If a judgment for debt have been obtained, and the defendants afterwards discover the plaintiff's receipt for the sum laid in the declaration, the latter may be prevented by injunction from levying upon the goods of tire former to satisfy such judgment. Where the party enjoined disregards the injunction he will be punished for contempt by the court upon application by the plaintiff.
INK. The most important kinds of ink may be included in the two following heads -Writing Ink and Printing Ink.
1. Writing Ink.—The composition of the ink used by the ancients is not well under stood; it is, however, certain that their ink exceeded ours in blackness and durability.
Mr. Underwood (who read it paper upon the subject of ink before the society of arts in 1857) thinks that some old ink was merely a carbon pigment, like the Indian ink of the present day, while other kinds were veritable dyes of iron and acids (true chemical com pounds), with the addition of ti gond deal of carbon.
The essential constituents of ordinary black ink are galls, sulphate of iron (popularly known as green vitriol or green copperas). and gum; and the most important point is the regulation of the proportion of the sulphate of iron to the galls. If the former is in excess, the ink, although black at first, soon becomes brown and yellow. The gum is added to retain thecoloring matter in suspension, and to prevent the mixture from being too fluid. The following prescription by prof. Brande yields a very good ink: " Eoil six ounces of finely bruised Aleppo galls in six pints of water, then add four ounces of clean and well crystallized sulphate of iron, and four ounces of gum-arabie. Keep the whole in a wooden or glass vessel, dccasionally shaken. In two months, strain, and pour off the ink into glass bottles." The addition of a little creosote is useful its a check to the formation of mold. Stephens's ink—a blue liquid, which in a few hours after its deposition on paper becomes of an intense black—is one of the most popular of our writing fluids. It consists essentially of gallotannate of iron, dissoked in sulphate of indigo, while in ordinary ink the coloring matter is merely suspended by means of the gum. Runge, a German chemist, has discovered a simple ttnd cheap black writ ing fluid, prepared from chromate of potash and a solution of logwood, which possesses the properties of forming no deposit. of adhering strongly to the paper. of being unaffected by exposure to water or acids, and of neither acting on, nor being acted on by steel pens.