Banjoewangi, Buitenzora' Krawang, and Patjitan are assistant-residencies; Djokjo karta and Surakarta are called the Vorstenlanden (lands of the princes), the former having a native sultan, the latter an emperor, who are vassals of the Dutch.
On June 10. 1867, an earthquake caused the loss of about 300 lives and a vast amount of property ill several of the residencies, especially in Djokjokarta. The mountains are chiefly volcanic. The highest are Smeru or Maliameru, in the residency of Pasoeroewan, which is 12,250 ft. high, and Slamat, in Tagal, 11,320. Sulphur, almost pure, is abun dant.
Bagalen is one of the most fertile residencies, and produces coffee, indigo, tea, cinna mon. rice, tobacco, sugar, maize, cotton, cocoa-nuts, and a great variety of fruits. The forests contain much fine teak. Besides agriculture, the principal industries are weaving, dyeing blue, rope-spinning, tanking pottery, nets, paper, and mats. In 1874 there were belonging to the government, 17,333,011 coffee-trees, producing 47,526 owls. of coffee. Tea and cinnamon are also largely grown, and indigo manufactured.
Banjoemaas (oe pron. it) is very mountainous towards the n. and n.e. Banjoemaas, the capital of the residency, situated in a valley on the left bank of the Serajo, in 19' 20' e. long., and 7' 33' 45' s. lat., is a regularly-built town.
Banjoewangi, an assistant residency, in the eastern part of the island, is mountainous, well wooded, and fertile. The forests abound in fine timber-trees. Banjoewangi, the capital, lies on the strait of Bali, in 114° 26' e. long., and 8' 12' 40's. lat., and is a beauti fitl little town of 8.000 inhabitants.
Bantam, a residency in the w. corner of Java. is low and marshy on the n. coast. Towards the interior, it gradually becomes mountainous, with the most beautiful valleys between the heights. The s. coast is wild and rocky, and on the w. side are impassable wildernesses, swarming with wild beasts. The soil is generally fertile, producing the usual crops of the island. Bantam, the former capital of the once powerful kingdom of that name, is now little more than a village, in which the remains of former grandeur are to he seen. The resident has his scat at Serang, a large village, in 106° 8' 37' e. long.,
and 6° 6' 45" s. lat.
Bezoeki, on the e. -coast, is mountainous, and clothed with a luxuriant vegetation.
Buitenzorg,^ an assistant-residency, is very healthy, and often has a favorable influence on the sick from other districts of Java, especially of Batavia, to which it is contiguous. Buitenzorg, the capital, is 883 ft. above the sea-level, and is one of the most pleasant places in the island.
Cheribon is a very extensive and beautiful residency, and derives its name from that of the capital, which is a corruption of Tji-ribon, or river Ribon, on which it is built. Cheribon, the capital, in 108° 38' e. and 6° 45' s. lat., was once a flourishing place, but has been for some time retrograding.
Djokjokarta produces the usual crops. The natives are much addicted to the use of opiuin. The productive power of the population is therefore less than in other districts of the island. Djokjokarta, the capital, is situated on the right bank of the Oepak, in 110° 21' 30" e. long., and 7° 46' s. lat., at the s.s.w. base of the mountain Mcrapi. • The city is large, and regularly built. It is the seat of the sultan, the resident, and assistant 'resident. Pop. 50,000, of whom 600 are Europeans.
Japara, on the n. coast, has a very warm climate in the interior, and though vege tation is in general luxuriant, yet scarcity of water is sometimes felt. The resident has his seat at Path in 110° 56' 7" e. long., and 6° 45' 30" s. lat., which is regularly built, and has a pop. of 10,000.
Kadoe—i.e., hollow—is a large basin formed by lofty mountains, of which Soembing is.10,911 ft. high, and the Sindoro It is one of the smallest residencies of Java, but densely peopled. Its fertility is increased by the abundance of water flowing from the surrounding mountains, The amount of coffee produced is very great; in 1874 the fruii-bearing trees numbered 32,903,125, producing 90,271 ewts. of coffee. Beautifu marble is found in great quantities. The capital is Magelang, situated on the e. bank of the Progo, in 110° 10' 7" e. long., and 7° 29' s. lat. Pop. 34,000. .