BALDWIN, JAMES MARK, an Amer ican psychologist, born in Columbia, S. C., Jan. 12, 1861; educated at Princeton Col lege, Leipsic, Berlin, and Tiibingen Uni verrities; was, successively, Instructor of German and French at Princeton in 1886-1887; Professor of Philosophy in Lake Forest University in 1887-1889, and in the University of Toronto in 1889 '893; Professor of Psychology at Prince ton University, 1893-1903; Professor of Philosophy and Psychology at Johns Hopkins University 1903-1909; Professor at the National University of Mexico, 1909. He was Vice-President of the In ternational Congress of Psychology at London in 1892; Honorary President of the International Congress of Criminal Anthropology at Geneva in 1896; Presi dent of the American Psychological As sociation in 1897-1898; Judge of Award at the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893; was awarded a gold medal by the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences of Denmark, in 1897, for the best work in ethics; was elected a member of the In stitut International de Sociologie, in 1898, and President of International Congress of Psychology at Geneva in 1909; and was a member of many other domestic and foreign scientific societies.
He has lectured at Oxford and at French universities. He is the author of "Hand book of Psychology" (2 vols., 1889-1891) ; a translation of Ribot's "German Psy chology of To-day" (1886) ; "Elements of Psychology" (1893) ; "Thoughts and Things" (1906-1911) ; "Individual and Society" (1910) ; etc. He was also editor in-chief of the "Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology," and a contributor of articles on psychology to "Johnson's Universal Cyclopmdia" (1892-1895). He received the degree of D. Sc. from Ox ford University in 1900.