Baptism
Baptism (from The Greek Baptiza, From Bapto, To Immerse Or Dip), A Rite Which Is Generally Thought To Have Been Usual With The Jews Even Before Christ, Being Administered To Proselytes. From This Baptism, However, That Of St. John The Baptist Differed, Because He Baptized Jews Also As A Symbol ...
Baptists
Baptists, A Protestant Denomination Based On The Belief That Immersion Is The Only Scriptural Mode Of Baptism, And That Those Only Are Proper Subjects For This Ceremony Who Are Converted And Profess Personal Faith In Christ. They Thus Reject Both Infant Baptism And Baptism By Sprinkling Or Pouring Of Water ...
Barbed Wire Entangle Ments
Barbed Wire Entangle Ments. Protection Placed In Front Of A Military Position To Check An Enemy As Sault. In The World War These Were Used To An Unprecedented Extent, Owing From About 140 To 1,550 Miles; Comprising Morocco, Fez, Algeria, Tunis, And Tri Poli (including Barca And Fezzan). The Principal ...
Barcelona
Barcelona, The Most Important Manufacturing City In Spain, In The Province Of The Same Name; Pop. About 625,000. The Province Of Barcelona Has An Area Of 2,968 Square Miles, Pop. About 1,195,000. The Streets Of The Old Town, Forming The N. W. Division, Are Crooked, Narrow, And Ill Paved. Those ...
Barras
Barras (bar-al, Paul Francois Jean Nicolas, Comte De, A French Jacobin, Born In Provence, In 1755; Served As Second Lieutenant In The Regi Ment Of Languedoc Until 1775. He Made A Voyage To The Isle-de-france, And En Tered Into The Garrison Of Pondicherry. On His Return, He Led A Dissipated ...
Barrel
Barrel, A Word Having Many Ap Plications, Including: I. Of Anything Shaped Like A Cask. (1) A Cask; A Vessel Bulging In The Middle, Formed Of Staves Surrounded By Hoops, And With A Bung Hole To Afford Egress To The Generally Liquid Contents. (2) The Capacity Of Such A Cask, ...
Baseball
Baseball, A Field Game Played Prin Cipally In The United States. It Origi Nated In The English School-boy Game Of "rounders." It Is Played By Two Teams Of Nine Men Each. There Are Four 'oases, 90 Feet Apart, Forming A Perfect Square, Which Is Called The Diamond. The Home Plate, ...
Basel
Basel (ba-zel), Basle, Or Bale, A Canton And City Of Switzerland. The Can Ton Borders On Alsace And Baden, Has An Area Of 163 Square Miles, And A Popula Tion Of About 225,000, Nearly All Speaking German. It Is Divided Into Two Half-can Tons, Basel City (basel-stadt) And Basel Country ...
Basutoland
Basutoland, A Native Province And British South African Territory, Between The Provinces Of Orange Free State, Natal And Cape Of Good Hope. The Basutos Belong Chiefly To The Great Stem Of The Bechuanas, And Have Made Greater Advances In Civilization Than Perhaps Any Other South African Race. In 1866 The ...
Battles Of Arras
Arras, Battles Of, A Series Of Im Portant Engagements In The World War Which Took Place In The Neighborhood Of The City Of Arras, France. This Area, From The Autumn Of 1914, Following The German Attempt To Break Through The Allied Lines To The Channel Ports, Was The Scene Of ...
Bavaria
Bavaria, A State In Southern Germany And The Second Largest State Of Germany, Composed Of Two Isolated Por Tions, The Larger Having Czecho-slovakia On The E., The Republic Of Austria On The E. And S., And Wiirttemberg, Baden, Etc., On The W., While The Smaller Por Tion, The Pfalz Or ...
Bean
Bean, A Well Known Cultivated Plant, Vicia Faba, Of Linnwus, Now Called Faba Vulgaris. It Belongs To The Order Legu Ininosx. The Flowers, Which Are Fragrant, Are Papilionaceous, White, With Violet Colored Veins And Blotches, Looking Almost Black. The Seeds Are Partly Kidney Shaped. The Native Country Of Faba Vulgaris ...
Bear
Bear, The English Name Of The Various Species Of Plantigrade Mammals Belonging To The Ursus And Some Neighbor Ing Genera. The Term Plantigrade, Ap Plied To The Bears', Intimates That They Walk On The Soles Of Their Feet; Not, Like The Digitigrade Animals, On Their Toes. Though Having Six Incisor ...
Bechuanaland
Bechuanaland, An Extensive Tract In South Africa, Inhabited By The Bech Uanas, Extending From 28° S. Lat. To The Zambezi, And From 20° E. Long. To The Transvaal Border. Until 1895 Bechuana Land Included The Crown Colony Of Brit Ish Bechuanaland And The Bechuanaland Protectorate. In That Year The Crown ...
Bedouins
Bedouins' (bed-5-enz'), Mohamme Dan People Of Arab Race, Inhabiting Chiefly The Deserts Of Arabia, Syria, Egypt, And North Africa. They Lead A Nomadic Existence In Tents, Huts, Caverns And Ruins, Associating In Families Under Sheiks Or In Tribes Under Emirs. In Respect Of Occupation They Are Only Shepherds, Herdsmen, And ...
Belfast
Belfast, A Seaport And Municipal And Parliamentary Borough Of Ireland (in 1888 Declared A City), Principal Town Of Ulster, And County Town Of Antrim, Built On Low, Alluvial Land On The Left Bank Of The Lagan, At The Head Of Bel Fast Lough. Ballymacarret, In County Down, On The Right ...
Belgium
Belgium, A Kingdom Of Western Europe, Consisting Of The Former Spanish Netherlands. It Is Situated On The North Sea, Between France, Prussia, And Hol Land. It Has An Area Of 11,373 Square Miles, And Is Divided Into The Following Provinces: Antwerp, Brabant, East Flanders, West Flanders, Luxembourg, Liege, Namur, Limbourg, ...
Bell
Bell, A Hollow, Sounding Instrument Of Metal. The Metal From Which Bells Are Usually Made (by Founding) Is An Alloy, Called Bell-metal, Commonly Com Posed Of 80 Parts Of Copper And 20 Of Tin. The Proportion Of Tin Varies, However, From One-third To One-fifth Of The Weight Of The Copper, ...
Belligerent
Belligerent. When Two Sov Ereign States (nations) Are At War With Each Other, Both Are "belligerents" Un Der International Law And Are Recognized By Neutral States As Possessing Certain Privileges Technically Known As "bellig Erent Rights." Where One Of The Parties To The War Is Not A State, But A ...
Benedict Arnold
Arnold, Benedict, An American Military Officer, Born In Norwich, Conn., Jan. 14, 1741. He Was Settled In Exten Sive Business At New Haven When The War Of Independence Broke Out. After The News Of The Battle Of Lexington, He Raised A Body Of Volunteers, And Received A Colonel's Commission. After ...
Benedictine
Benedictine, A Follower Of St. Benedict (q. V.). In 529 St. Benedict Transformed The Temple Of Apollo At Monte Cassino Into A Monastery, And Be Came Its First Abbot. He Composed Rules For Its Management, Making Every Monk Pledge Himself To Perfect Chastity, Absolute Poverty, And Implicit Obedience In All ...
Bengal
Bengal. A State Of Britich India Re Constituted In 191'5 And 1912 From The Former Bengal Presidency And Provinces. Area, 78,699 Square Miles; Pop. About 50,000,000. Topography.—as A Whole Bengal Con Sists Of Plains, There Being Few Remark Able Elevations, Though It Is Surroundei With Lofty Mountains. It Is Intersect-r1 ...
Benjamin Dis Raeli Beaconsfield
Beaconsfield, Benjamin Dis Raeli, Earl Of, An English States Man And Novelist, Of Jewish Extraction; Eldest Son Of Isaac D'israeli, Author Of The "curiosities Of Literature"; Born In London, Dec. 21, 1804. He Attended For A Time A Private School, And Was First Destined For The Law, But Turned To ...
Berbers
Berbers, A People Spread Over Nearly The Whole Of Northern Africa West Of Egypt, From Whom The Name Barbary Is Derived. The Chief Branches Into Which The Berbers Are Divided Are, First, The Amazirgh, Or Amazigh, Of Northern Mo Rocco, Numbering From 2,000,000 To 2, 500,000. They Are For The ...
Bering Sea
Bering Sea, That Part Of The North Pacific Ocean Between The Aleutian Islands, In 55°, And Bering Strait, In 66° N., By Which Latter It Communicates With The Arctic Ocean. It Has On Its W. Side Kamchatka And The Chukchi Coun Try, With The Gulf Of Anadyr, And On Its ...
Berlin
Berlin, The Third Largest City Of Europe; Capital Of The Former King Domof Prussia, And Of The Former Empire Of Germany, Now Capital Of The German Republic, On Both Sides Of The Spree River; 166 Miles E. S. E. Of Ham Burg. Pop. About 2,000,000. It Is Built On A ...
Campbells Of Argyll
Argyll, Campbells Of, A Historic Scottish Family, Raised To The Peerage In The Person Of Sir Duncan Campbell Of Lochow, In 1445. The More Eminent Members Are: Archibald, Second Earl, Killed At The Battle Of Flodden, 1513. Archibald, Fifth Earl, Attached Himself To The Party Of Mary Of Guise, And ...
Clara Barton
Barton, Clara, An American Phi Lanthropist, Born In Oxford, Mass., In 1830; Was Educated At Clinton, N. Y., And Early Became A Teacher, And Founded At Bordentown, N. J., A Free School, Open Ing It With Six Pupils. In 1854 It Had Grown To 600, When She Became A Clerk ...
David 13eatty
13eatty, David, Earl, A British Admiral, Born In 1871. He Chose A Naval Career, And From The Start Manifested Those Qualities Of Judgment And Intrepid Ity That Signalized His Work In All Stages Of The Service. In 1898, Serving In The Kitchener Expedition On The Nile, He Won The D. ...
Emilio Aguinaldo
Aguinaldo, Emilio, • A Leader Of The Insurgents In The Philippines Insur Rection Of 1896, And Their Chief In The Spanish-american War Of 1898. A Chinese Mestizo (of Chinese And Tagalog Parentage), He Was Born In Imus, In The Province Of Cavite, In Luzon, In 1870. His Father Was A ...
Federal Reserve Banks
Banks, Federal Reserve, The Federal Reserve System Is Primarily A Result Of The Currency Disturbances Of 1907-1908 Which Were Promptly Fol Lowed By The Passage Of The Aldrich Act Providing For An Emergency Circulation Not To Exceed $500,000,000. The Condi Tions Of This Bill Were So Strict, However— Having Been ...
Federal Reserve Sav Ings
Banks; Banks, Federal Reserve; Sav Ings Banks; Etc. The Following Tables, Compiled From The Report Of The Comptroller Of The (dec. 1, 1919), Give A Com Prehensive View Of The Development Of The National Banking System In Recent Years: The Charters Were Sometimes Fraudu Lently Obtained And Currency Issued To ...
Francis Bacon
Bacon, Francis, English Philoso Pher And Statesman, Born Jan. 22, 1561; Youngest Of Eight Children Of Sir Nich Olas Bacon, Lord Keeper. His Mother, Whom He Resembled, Was The Sister Of Lady Burghley And A Woman Of Fine Edu Cation And Strong Character. In His Twelfth Year Francis Entered Trinity ...
Francis Beaumont
Beaumont, Francis, And Flet Cher, John, Two Eminent English Dramatic Writers, Contemporaries Of Shakespeare, And The Most Famous Of Literary Partners, So Closely Associated That Their Names Are Rarely Heard Sep Arately. The Former, Son Of A Common Pleas Judge, Was Born At Grace-dieu, In Leicest..rshire, In 1584. At The ...
George Arliss
Arliss, George, An English Actor, Born In London In 1868. He Was Edu Cated In That City And Made His First Appearance On The Stage In 1887. In 1901 He Toured America With Mrs. Pat Rick Campbell, And In The Following Year Played With Blanche Bates. He Was Later Leading ...
Herbert Henry Asquith
Asquith, Herbert Henry, An English Statesman And Lawyer, Born In Morley, Yorkshire, On Sept. 12, 1852. He Was Educated At Oxford And Shortly After His Graduation Was Admitted To The Bar. In 1887 He Appeared In The Defense Of John Burns, Labor Leader, During The Latter's Trial For His Participation ...
Honore De Balzac
Balzac, Honore De (balts-ac'), A French Author, Born At Tours, May 20, 1799. He Was Educated At The College De Vendome And Studied Law At The Sor Bonne. In Opposition To His Father's Wish That He Should Become A Notary, He Left Tours In 1819 To Seek His Fortune As ...
James Mark Baldwin
Baldwin, James Mark, An Amer Ican Psychologist, Born In Columbia, S. C., Jan. 12, 1861; Educated At Princeton Col Lege, Leipsic, Berlin, And Tiibingen Uni Verrities; Was, Successively, Instructor Of German And French At Princeton In 1886-1887; Professor Of Philosophy In Lake Forest University In 1887-1889, And In The University ...
John Andre
Andre, John (an-dral, A British Military Officer, Born In London In 1751; • Entered The Army In 1771; Went To Can Ada In 1774; And Was Made Prisoner By The Americans In 1775. After His Ex Change, He Was Rapidly Promoted, And In 1780 Was Appointed Adjutant-general, With The Rank ...
Leon Nikolajewitsch Bakst
Bakst, Leon Nikolajewitsch, A Russian Artist, Born In Petrograd In 1886. He Studied Art In Petrograd And Paris, And Began His Career As An Artist In Moscow, Where His Treatment Of Polit Ical Subjects In His Paintings So Dis Pleased The Russian Authorities That He Removed To Paris In 1906. ...
Leopold Anthony Johann Sigmund
Berchtold, Leopold Anthony Johann Sigmund, Count Von, Austro-hungarian Statesman Upon Whose Shoulders Lies The Responsibility Of Hav Ing Signed The Note That Brought On The World War. He Was Born April 18, 1863. At The Outset Of His Public Careeer He Was Secretary In The Foreign Office At Vienna, And ...
Lian Commonwealth
Lian Commonwealth) , Each Colony Has A Governor, Administration, And A Legiz Lature Of Its Own. The Governors Are Appointed By The King, And All Acti Passed By The Colonial Legislatures Must Receive The Royal Assent. Each Legisla Ture Consists Of Two Houses, A Legislative Council And A Legislative Assembly, ...
Liberty Bell
Bell, Liberty, A Famous Bell Which Was Rung When The Continental Congress Declared The Independence Of The United States In 1776. The Order For Founding It Was Given In 1751. The State House Of Pennsylvania, In Philadelphia, Work On Which Had Been Suspended For A Num Ber Of Years, Was ...
Lord Charles De La
Beresford, Lord Charles De La Doer, An English Naval Officer, Born In Ireland, Feb. 10, 1846; Became A Cadet In 1857; Lieutenant, 1868; Captain, 1882; And Rear-admiral, 1897. In 1882 He Commanded The "condor" In The Bom Bardment Of Alexandria, And Was Espe Cially Mentioned And Honored For His Gal ...
Machine Guns
Machine Guns (q. V.) Have Claims To Be Classed As Artillery, Although Mostly They Were Used As The Personal Weapons Of The Individuals That Handled Them. They Had Never Before Been Used In Such Almost Incalculable Numbers. In Its Broadest Sense, "artillery" Includes All Those Forms Of Weapons And Their ...
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
Aurelius Antoninus, Marcus, Often Called Simply Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor And Philosopher, Son In-law, Adopted Son, And Successor Of An Toninus Pius, Born A. D. 121, Succeeded To The Throne 161; Died 180. His Name Originally Was Marcus Annius Verus. He Voluntarily Shared The Government With Lucius Verus, Whom Antoninus ...
Marcus Mark Tonyantonius
Antonius, Marcus (mark Tony), Roman Triumvir, Born 83 B. C., Was Connected With The Family Of Caesar By His Mother. Debauchery And Prodi Gality Marked His Youth. To Escape His Creditors He Went To Greece In 58, And From Hence Followed The Consul Gabinius On A Campaign In Syria As ...
Metropolitan Museum Of Art
Art, Metropolitan Museum Of, The Chief Art Museum Of New York City And The Largest And Most Inclusive In The United States. It Was Established In 1870 And In The Following Year The State Legislature Appropriated $500,000 For A Building At Central Park. The First Building Of The Museum Was ...
Pierre Du Terrail Bayard
Bayard, Pierre Du Terrail, Seigneur De (bi-yar'), The Bon Chevalier Sans Peur Et Sans Reproche (good Knight Without Fear And Without Reproach), And From Whom Is Derived The Proverbial Saying, "brave As Bay Ard," Was Born In 1476, Of An Ancient And Noble French Family Of Dauphine. He Early Displayed ...
Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard
Beauregard, Pierre Gustave Toutant (bo-re-gar'), An American Military Officer, Born In St. Martin's Parish, La., May 28, 1818; Was Graduated At The United States Military Academy And Appointed A Brevet Second Lieuten Ant Of Artillery In 1838; Was Promoted First Lieutenant And Transferred To The Corps Of Engineers In 1839; ...
Republic Of Austria
Austria, Republic Of, The Terri Tory Which Formed The Nucleus Of The Former Austro-hungarian Empire, And Known As The Archduchy Of Austria, Occu Pying Both Sides Of The Valley Of The Danube, Between The Salzach And Inn On The W., Which Form The Boundary With Bavaria To The S. Of ...
Republic Of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan, Republic Of. This New State Of Transcaucasia Had Its Birth In Circumstances Resulting From The World War. Its Frontiers Are Not Yet Defined With Precision, But It Has An Area Of About 57,000 Square Miles In East Ern Caucasia, Is Bounded On The South And East By Persia And ...
Roald Amundsen
Amundsen, Roald, A Polar Ex Plorer, Born At Borge, Norway, July 16, 1872, He Studied Medicine For Two Years In The University Of Christiania. The Call Of The Sea, However, Made Itself Felt, And He Became A Member Of The Nor Wegian Navy. His First Seagoing Expe Rience Dates From ...
Robert Ingersoll Aitken
Aitken, Robert Ingersoll, An American Sculptor,• Born In San Fran Cisco And Was Professor Of Sculpture At Public Schools, Studied Art At The Mark Hopkins Institute Of Art In San Fran Cisco And Was Professor Of Scupture At This Institution From 1901 To 1904. He Showed Remarkable Talent In The ...
Samuel Tilden Ansell
Ansell, Samuel Tilden, An American Soldier And Lawyer, Born In North Carolina In 1875. He Studied At The Harvard Law School And At The Law School Of The University Of North Caro Lina. In 1895 He Entered West Point, Graduating In 1899. He Saw Service In The Philippines And Assisted ...
Sir Richard Arkwright
Arkwright, Sir Richard, An English Inventor, Born At Preston, In Lancashire, In 1732. The Youngest Of 13 Children, He Was Bred To The Trade Of A Barber. When About 35 Years Of Age He Gave Himself Up Exclusively To The Subject Of Inventions For Spinning Cot Ton. The Thread Spun ...
St Barnabas
Barnabas, St., Or Joseph, A Dis Ciple Of Jesus, And A Companion Of The Apostle Paul. He Was A Levite, And A Native Of The Island Of Cyprus, And Is Said To Have Sold All His Property, And Laid The Price Of It At The Feet Of The Apostles (acts ...
Thomas Aquinas
Aquinas, Thomas (ak-wi'nas), Or Thomas Of Aquino, The Prince Of Scholastic Theologians, Was Of The Family Of The Counts Of Aquino, And Was Born About 1226, In The Castle Of Rocca Secca, Near Aquino, A Small Town Half-way Be Tween Rome And Naples. He Received The Rudiments Of His Education ...
Thomas A Becket
Becket, Thomas A, An Arch Bishop Of Canterbury, The Son Of A London Merchant, Born In 1118; Studied At Oxford And Bologna. Henry Ii.,, In 1158, Made Becket His Chancellor, And In 1162 He Was Appointed To The Primacy. He Then Laid Aside All Pomp And Luxury, And Led A ...
Victor L Berger
Berger, Victor L., An American Socialist And Editor, Born At Nieder-reb Buch, Austria, In 1860. He Was Educated In The Schools And Universities Of Aus Tria, But Early In Life Removed To The United States, Where He Was Employed At Various Trades. He Later Became A Teacher In Public Schools, ...
William George Armstrong
Armstrong, William George, Lord, An English Inventor, Born In 1810 At Newcastle. He Was Articled To A Solici Tor, And Became A Partner In The Firm. In 1840 He Produced A Much Improved Hydraulic Engine, And In 1845 The Hydrau Lic Crane. In 1842 He Brought To Perfection An Apparatus ...
Or Annam Anam
Anam, Or Annam, A French Pro Tectorate Comprising The Central Part Of French Indo-china. Its Area Is 52,100 Square Miles. Topography.—anam Is Mountainous On The N. But In The E. Is Nearly Level, Terminating Toward The Sea In An Allu Vial Plain Yielding Good Crops Of Rice, Cotton, Fruits, Ginger, ...
Or Apostolical Apostolic
Apostolic, Or Apostolical, Per Taining Or Relating To The Apostles. Apostolic Church.—the Church In The Time Of The Apostles, Constituted Accord Ing To Their Design. The Name Is Also Given To The Four Churches Of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, And Jerusalem, And Is Claimed By The Roman Catholic Church, And Occasionally ...
Or Argentine Re Public
Argentina, Or Argentine Re Public, Formerly Called The United Provinces Of La Plata, A Vast Country Of South America; Extreme Length 2,300 Miles; Average Breadth A Little Over 500 Miles; Total Area, 1,138,000 Square Miles. It Is Bounded On The N. By Bolivia; On The E. By Paraguay, Brazil, Uruguay, ...
Or Ashantee Ashanti
Ashanti, Or Ashantee, Formerly A Kingdom, Now A British Protectorate, In West Africa, On The Gold Coast, And To The N. Of The River Prah; Area About 20,000 Square Miles. It Is In Great Part Hilly, Well Watered, And Covered With Dense Tropical Vegetation. The Country Round The Towns, However, ...
Or Asphaltum Asphalt
Asphalt, Or Asphaltum, The Most Common Variety Of Bitumen; Also Called Mineral Pitch. Asphalt Is A Compact, Glossy, Brittle, Black Or Brown Mineral, Which Breaks With A Polished Fracture, Melts Easily With A Strong Pitchy Odor When Heated, And When Pure Burns With Out Leaving Any Ashes. It Is Found ...
Or Baccara Baccarat
Baccarat, Or Baccara, A Game Played With The Ordinary Playing Cards. Any Number Of Players May Participate, And As Many Packs Of Cards May Be Used As Necessary, The Number Being Increased To Correspond With The Number Of Play Ers. One Member Of The Party Is Se Lected To Act ...
Or Barytes Baryta
Baryta, Or Barytes, Or Oxide Of Barium, Symbol Bao—the Earth Present In The Minerals Witherite (car Bonate Of Barium) And Heavy Spar (sulphate Of Barium). Baryta Belongs To The Group Of Alkaline Earths, And Has The Property Of Acting Like An Alkali On Coloring Matters. It Has A Very Harsh ...
Or Ismaili Assassins
Assassins, Or Ismaili, A Sect Of Re Ligious Fanatics Who Existed In The 11th And 12th Centuries. They Derived Their Name Of Assassins Originally From Their Immoderate Use Of Hasheesh, Which Pro Duces An Intense Cerebral Excitement, Often Amounting To Fury. Their Founder And Law Giver Was Hassan-ben-sabah, To Whom ...
Or Perip A Teticism
Aristotelianism, Or Perip A Teticism, The Doctrine Of Philosophy Of Aristotle. Aristotle Attempted To Steer A Medium Course Between The Ultraideal Ism Of His Master Plato, And The Low Sen Sationalism Of The Physical School Of Elea. His Genius Was As Wide As Nature. He Keenly Combated The Ideal Theory ...
Or Western Islands Azores
Azores, Or Western Islands, A Portuguese Archipelago, In The Mid Atlantic, Between 36° 55' And 39° 55' N. Lat. And Between 25° 10' And 31° 16' W. Long. Stretching Over A Distance Of 400 Miles, Their Nine Islands Are Divided Into Three Distinct Groups—sta. Maria And Sao Miguel In The ...
The American Party
American Party, The, The Name Of Three Separate Organizations Which At Different Times Held A Prominent Place In The Political Affairs Of The United States. The First, Organized About 1852, At A Time When The Whig Party Was Near Its Dissolution Was, In Fact, A Secret Society, And Was Better ...
The Articles
Articles, The Of The Church Of England, A Statement Of The Particular Points Of Doctrine, 39 In Number, Maintained By The English Church; First Promulgated By A Convo Cation Held In London In 1562-1563, And Confirmed By Royal Authority; Founded On And Superseding An Older Code Issued In The Reign ...