BRUTUS, MARCUS JUNIUS, an il lustrious Roman, one of the murderers of Julius Cnsar. His mother was the sister of Cato. He at first sided with Pompey, but, being treated with great lenity after the battle of Pharsalia, he attached him self to Caesar, by whom he was greatly caressed and trusted. But the stern Re publican spirit of Brutus rendered it im possible for all Cwsar's kindness to him to reconcile him to Caesar's ambition; and he at length conspired with Cassius and Ill., March 19, 1860. He was graduated at Illinois College in 1881, preparing subsequently for the bar at Union Col lege, Chicago. In 1887 he removed to Lincoln, Neb., and was elected to Con gress in 1890, and again in 1892. Four years later he was nominated for the Presidency of the United States by the Democratic National Convention at Chicago. He advocated the free and un -mited coinage of silver by the United States at a ratio of 16 to 1, regardless of the action of other nations. The Presi
dential campaign resulted in his defeat. During the war with Spain, he became Colonel of a regiment of volunteers, but saw no field service. In 1900, he again appeared as Democratic candidate for the Presidency upon a platform of free silver, opposition to trusts, and anti imperialism, and was again defeated by William McKinley. He made a tour of the world in 1906. In 1908 he was de feated for the Presidency by William H. Taft. He was appointed Secretary of State by President Wilson, March 4, 1913, and resigned Jan. 9, 1915. While in office he negotiated treaties with 30 nations. After resigning, devoted him self to lecturing. He took no active part in politics until the Democratic Conven tion of 1920, when he fought for the insertion of a prohibition plank in the platform. In this he failed. Publica tions: "Under Other Flags" (1904) ; "The Old World and Its Ways" (1907).