Cincinnati
Cincinnati, A Society Or Order In The United States, Established By The Of Ficers Of The Revolutionary Army In 1783, "to Perpetuate Their Friendship, And To Raise A Fund For Relieving The Widows And Orphans Of Those Who Had Fallen During The War." It Was So Named Be Cause It ...
Cincinnati
Cincinnati, A City And County-seat Of Hamilton Co., O.; The Second City In The State In Population And The Sixteenth In The United States, According To The Census Of 1920. It Is Built On The N. Shore Of The Ohio River, Directly Opposite Covington, Ky., Is Known As The "queen ...
Cinematograph
Cinematograph, An Instrument Designed To Picture Persons And Things While In Motion. The Invention Is To Be Credited To Two Brothers, Lumiere Of Lyons, France. The Principle On Which It Is Founded Is The Same As That Of Edi Son's Kinetoscope, Namely, The Persistencb Of Vision. The Device Consists Of ...
Cipher Writing
Cipher Writing, A Method Of Sending Important Intelligence In A Man Ner So Effectually Disguised That Only Those For Whom The News Is Intended Can Understand The Meaning Of What Is Writ Ten. Till Comparatively Recent Years Diplomats, Statesmen, And Military Or Naval Commanders Were The Principal Persons Compelled By ...
Cipriano Castro
Castro, Cipriano, Ex-president Of Venezuela. He Was Born In 1860 In The Province Of Tachira, And Was A Member Of The Venezuelan Senate At The Fall Of President Palacio (1892), When He Left The Capital. Leading A Successful Upris Ing Against Andrade In 1899, He Occupied Caracas, And The Next ...
Circuit Court
Circuit Court, A Court In The United States Next In Rank To The United States Supreme Court. In 1920 There Were Nine Circuits, Each Consisting Of Sev Eral States, And Each Is Allotted To One Of The Nine Justices Of The Supreme Court, Who Must Attend At Least One Term ...
Circulation
Circulation, In Anatomy And Physics, The Term Used To Designate The Course Of The Blood From The Heart To The Most Minute Blood-vessels (the Capil Laries), And From These Back To The Heart. The Heart Is Situated Nearly In The Cen Ter Of The Cavity Of The Chest, Or Thorax, ...
Count De Buffon George
Buffon George Louis Leclerc, Count De, A French Natu Ralist, Born In Montbard, Burgundy, Sept. 7, 1707. In 1739 He Was Ap Pointed Superintendent Of The Royal Garden At Paris (now The Jardin Des Plantes) And Devoted Himself To The Great Work On "natural History." It Is Now Obsolete And ...
Dominion Of Canada
Canada, Dominion Of, A Federal Union Of Provinces And Territories, Comprising All The British Possessions In North America, Excepting Newfound Land; Bounded By The Arctic, Pacific, And Atlantic Oceans, And The United States, Including Alaska. The Area In Square Miles Of Individual Provinces And Territories, Since The Reallotment In 1912, ...
Don Carlos
Carlos, Don, Son Of Philip Ii. By His First Marriage With Maria Of Portu Gal; Born In Valladolid, July 8, 1545. After His Recognition As Heir To The Throne, Don Carlos Was Sent To Study At The University Of Alcala De Henares, Where, However, He Profited So Little, That The ...
Edith Cavell
Cavell, Edith, An English Nurse, Born At Norwich, England, In 1872. Her Father Was A Clergyman. She Was Trained As A Nurse In A London Hospital, Entering The Institution In 1896. In 1900 She Went To Belgium For The Purpose Of Organiz Ing And Carrying On A Training School For ...
Francois Rene Auguste Chateaubriand
Chateaubriand, Francois Rene Auguste, Vicomte De' (sha T5-bre-on'), A French Statesman, Trav Eler, Novelist, And Historical Writer, Born In St. Malo, Sept. 14, 1768. He Made A Voyage In Search Of The Northwest Pas Sage In 1791; But On Touching The Ameri Can Continent Abandoned That Quest, And Proposed To ...
Frederic Franvois Chopin
Chopin, Frederic Franvois, A Polish Composer And Pianist, Born Near Warsaw In 1810. His Musical Education Began When He Was Still A Mere Boy And Before He Was 9 Years Of Age He Played In Public. In August, 1829, He Gave Two Concerts In Vienna And His Playing Was Widely ...
Gebhard Leberecht Von Blucher
Blucher, Gebhard Leberecht Von (blucher), A Distinguished Prus Sian General, Born At Rostock, Mecklen Burg-schwerin, Dec. 16, 1742. He En Tered The Swedish Service When 14 Years Of Age And Fought Against The Prussians. But Was Taken Prisoner In His First Cam Paign, And Was Induced To Enter The Prussian ...
Geoffrey Chaucer
Chaucer, Geoffrey, "the Father Of English Poetry"; Born In London Probably About 1340. He Was The Son Of A Vintner Named John Chaucer. Nothing Is Known Of His Education, But In 1356-1359 He Was A Page To Princess Lionel. In 1359 He Bore Arms In France And Was Taken Prisoner. ...
George Gordon Noel Lord
Byron, George Gordon Noel. Lord, One Of The Greatest English Poets, Born In London, Jan. 22, 1788. He Was The Grandson Of Admiral John Byron And Son Of The Admiral's Only Son, Capt. John Byron, Of The Guards, Known As "mad Jack Byron." His Mother Was Catherine Gordon Of Aberdeenshire, ...
Giovanni Boccaccio
Boccaccio, Giovanni (bo-katch' Yo), An Italian Novelist And Poet, Son Of A Florentine Merchant, Was Born In 1313, In Certaldo, A Small Town In The Valley Of The Elsa, 20 Miles From Florence. He Spent Some Years Unprofitably In Lit Erary Pursuits And The Study Of The Can On Law, ...
Gran Canaria
Gran Canaria, Which Is Next In Im Portance, Has An Area Of 758 Square Miles, With A Population Of 80,000. Its Culminating Peak Is El Cumbre, With A Height Of 6,648 Feet. The Capital, Las Palmas, On The E. Coast, Is The Largest Town Of The Archipelago. The Surface Of ...
James Buchanan
Buchanan, James, An American Statesman, 15th President Of The United States, Born Near Mercersburg, Pa., April 23, 1791; Graduated At Dickinson College In 1809, Admitted To The Bar In 1812. He Supported The War Of 1812, Although Affiliated With The Federalist Party. In 1820 He Was Elected To Con Gress, ...
Jerome Bonaparte
Jerome Bonaparte, Youngest Brother Of Napoleon, Was Born In Ajaccio In 1784. After Receiving His Education In The College Of Juilly, He Served As Naval Lieutenant In The Expedition To Haiti. When War Broke Out Between France And England In 1803, Jerome Was Cruising Off The West Indies, And Was ...
Johann Hein Rich A
Bernstorff, Johann Hein Rich A., Count Von, German Diplo Mat; Born In London, England, Nov. 14, 1862. His Father At The Time Was The German Ambassador To England. The Son Received His Early Education In That Country, And Became Thoroughly Familiar With English Thought And Diplomatic Pro Cedure. He Entered ...
John Caldwell Calhoun
Calhoun, John Caldwell, An American Statesman; Born In Abbeville District, S. C., March 18, 1782; Gradu Ated With Distinction At Yale College, In 1804, And Was Admitted To The South Carolina Bar In 1807. After Serving For Two Sessions In The Legislature Of His Native State, He Was Elected To ...
John Calvin
Calvin, John, A Reformer And Theologian; Born In Noyon, Picardy, France, July 10, 1509. Soon After Tak Ing A Degree, He Went To Paris For The Study Of The Humanities. In Paris He Came Under The Influence Of The Teachers Of The New Theology, And Before Long Had To Flee ...
John Chrysostom
Chrysostom, John, St. ("golden Mouthed"), A Celebrated Greek Father Of The Church; Born In Antioch About A. D. 344. Secundus, His Father, Who Had The Command Of The Imperial Troops In Syria, Died Soon After The Birth Of His Son, Whose Early Education Devolved Upon Anthusa, His Mother. Chrysostom Studied ...
John It Giovanni Cab0t0
Cabot, John (it. Giovanni Cab0t0), A Venetian Pilot, The Discoverer Of The Mainland Of North America, Settled As A Merchant, Probably As Early As 1472, In Bristol, England, Where He Is Sup Posed To Have Died About 1498. Under Letters-patent From Henry Vii., Dated March 5, 1496, He Set Sail ...
Joseph Bonaparte
Joseph Bonaparte, Eldest Brother Of Napoleon, Was Born At Corte, In Corsica, In 1768. On The Death Of His Father He Exerted Himself To Support The Younger Members Of The Family, And In 1793 Re Moved With Them To Marseilles, Where He Prepared For The Bar. In 1797 He Was ...
Joseph Caillaux
Caillaux, Joseph, A French Statesman, Born In Mans In 1863. He Embraced The Law As A Profession, But Soon Became Engrossed In Politics, For Which He Had Remarkable Aptitude. He Served Several Terms For Sarthe In The Chamber Of Deputies And Rapidly Rose To Eminence In Debate. Between 1899 And ...
Joseph Chamberlain
Chamberlain, Joseph, An Eng Lish Statesman, Born In London In July, 1836. He Was Educated At University College School, And Entered His Father's Screw Factory At Birmingham, From Which, However, He Retired In 1874. He Had By This Time Acquired Considerable :celebrity As A Radical Politician. In 1868 He Was ...
Lodovico Caracci
Caracci, Lodovico, Agostino, And Annibale (ka-r5:chz), Three Of The First Painters Of Italy, Kinsmen, Fel Low-students, And Co-laborers, Natives Of Bologna, And Founders Of The Bolognese School. Lodovico, Born In 1555, Was Placed At An Early Age With Prospero Fontana To Study Painting. He Made Such Slow Progress That His ...
Lucien Bonaparte
Lucien Bonaparte, Prince Of Canino, And Brother Of Napoleon, Was Born At Ajaccio In 1775, And Received His Edu Cation In The College Of Autun, The Mili Tary School At Brienne, And The Seminary At Aix. In 1798 He Was Made A Member Of The Council Of Five Hundred, And ...
Luis De Camoens
Camoens, Luis De (kam'a-ens), A Portuguese Poet; Born In Lisbon, Prob Ably In 1524 Or 1525. Disappointed In Love, He Became A Soldier, And Served In The Fleet Which The Portuguese Sent Against Morocco, Losing His Right Eye In A Naval Engagement Before Ceuta. An Affray Into Which He Was ...
Luther Burbank
Burbank, Luther, An American Naturalist; Born At Lancaster, Mass., March 7, 1849. Much Of His Boyhood Was Spent On A Farm, A Circumstance To Which Is Attributable The Love Of Nature That Led Him, After Three Years In A Wood-turning Plant In Worcester, Mass., To Direct His Attention To Horti ...
Marcus Junius Brutus
Brutus, Marcus Junius, An Il Lustrious Roman, One Of The Murderers Of Julius Cnsar. His Mother Was The Sister Of Cato. He At First Sided With Pompey, But, Being Treated With Great Lenity After The Battle Of Pharsalia, He Attached Him Self To Caesar, By Whom He Was Greatly Caressed ...
Marcus Porcius Cato
Cato, Marcus Porcius, Surnamed The Younger Or Uticensis (from Utica, The Place Of His Death), The Great-grand Son Of Cato The Censor, Was Born 95 B. C. Even When A Boy, He Is Said To Have Given Indications Of Sturdy Independence. Taking His Great Ancestor As His Model, He Adopted ...
Marcus Tullius Cicero
Cicero, Marcus Tullius, The Greatest Roman Orator; Born In Arpinun 106 B. C. His Family Was Of Equestrian Rank And His Father, Though Living In Re Tirement, Was A Friend Of Some Of The Chief Public Men. He Received The Best Education Available, Studied Philosophy And Law, Became Familiar With ...
Religious Brotherhoods
Brotherhoods, Religious, Were Societies Instituted For Pious And Bene Volent Purposes, And Were Numerous In The Middle Ages. Such Brotherhoods Or Confraternities, Were, In Earlier Times, Those Of Mary, Of The Scapular, And Of The Rosary; In Later Times, That Of The Sacred And Immaculate Heart Of Mary, Foi The ...
Robert Blake
Blake, Robert, A British Naval Officer, Born At Bridgewater In 1599. He Studied At Oxford And Was Elected A Mem Ber For Bridgewater In The Parliament Of 1640. This Being Soon Dissolved He Lost His Election For The Next, And Sought To Advance The Parliamentary Cause In A Military Capacity ...
Robert Browning
Browning, Robert, An English Poet, Born In Camberwell, May 7, 1812. His First Dramatic Poem, "pauline," Which Appeared Anonymously In 1833, Was Followed Two Years Later By "para Celsus," "strafford" (1837) ; "sordello" (1840), And A Series Of Plays And Dra Matic Lyrics Under The Title Of "bells And Pomegranates" ...
Robert Bruce
Bruce, Robert, The Greatest Of The Kings Of Scotland, Born In 1274. He Was The Son Of The Preceding. In 1296, As Earl Of Carrick, He Swore Fealty To Ed Ward I., And In 1297 Fought On The Eng Lish Side Against Wallace. He Th.n Joined The Scottish Army, But ...
Robert Burns
Burns, Robert, The Great Lyric Poet Of Scotland, Born Near Ayr, Jan. 25, 1759, His Father Being A Gardener, And Later A Small Farmer. He Was In Structed In The Ordinary Branches Of An English Education By A Teacher Engaged By His Father And A Few Neighbors; To These He ...
Rosalie Bonheur
Bonheur, Rosalie (bon-er'), Com Monly Called Rosa, A French Artist, Born In Bordeaux, March 22, 1822. Her Studies Were Directed By Her Father, Himself An Artist Of Ability, And Her First Two Pic Tures, "chevres Et Moutons," And "les Deux Lapins," Which Were Exhibited In 1841, Attracted Much Attention. In ...
Simon Bolivar
Bolivar, Simon, An American Mili Tary Officer And Statesman (named El Libertador, From His Having Rescued Cen Tral South America From The Spanish Yoke), Born In Caracas, July 24, 1783. He Descended From A Noble And Wealthy Fam Ily, Received His University Education At Madrid, Married And Returned To South ...
Sir Roger David Casement
Casement, Sir Roger (david), An Irish Revolutionist; Born In Ireland, Sept. 1, 1864. He Was Of English Par Entage And A Protestant, Though, Just Before His Death, He Was Received Into The Roman Catholic Church. In The Early Part Of His Career He Was An Able And Faithful Official Of ...
Sir Thomas Henry Hall
Caine, Sir (thomas Henry) Hall, An English Novelist And Drama Tist; Born In Runcorn, Cheshire, Eng., May 14, 1853; Began His Career As An Architect In Liverpool. Contributions To The "builder" And The "building News" Resulted In His Becoming Connected With Journalism, And Eventually He Joined The Staff Of The ...
Theo Bald Theodore Friedrich
Bethmann - Hollweg, Theo Bald Theodore Friedrich Al Fred Von, German Statesman; Born In Hohenfinow, Brandenburg, Nov. 29, 1856. He Received His Education At The Univer Sities Of Strassburg, Leipsic, Berlin, And Bonn. At The Last Named, He Formed An In Timate Friendship With Wilhelm, The Fu Ture German Emperor, ...
Thomas Carlyle
Carlyle, Thomas, An English Author, Born In Ecclefechan, Dumfries Shire, Scotland, Dec. 4, 1795. He Was The Eldest Son Of James Carlyle, A Mason, Afterward A Farmer, And Was Intended For The Church, With Which Object He Was Carefully Educated At The Parish School And Afterward At The Burgh School ...
Thomas Chalmers
Chalmers, Thomas, A Scotch Clergyman, Born In Anstruther, Fife, March 17, 1780. At The Age Of 12 He Was Sent From The Parish School To The Uni Versity Of St. Andrews, And After Study Ing There Seven Years, Was Licensed As A Preacher In July, 1799. During The Two Following ...
Treaty
Treaty, A Treaty Negotiated At Washington, D. C., In April, 1850, By John M. Clayton, Sec Retary Of State Under President Taylor, And Sir Henry Bulwer, British Minister To The United States. The Treaty Pro Vided That Neither The United States Nor Great Britain Should Attempt To Control A Proposed ...
Treaty Of Brest Litovsk
Brest-litovsk, Treaty Of, The Agreement That Ended The War Be Tween Russia And The Central Powers, March 3, 1918. The Event Had Been Foreshadowed By The Complete Mili Tary Collapse Of Russia, -ind The Com Ing Into Power Of The Bolshevist Regime. Plenipotentiaries Of Both Powers Met In The Town ...
Treaty Of Bucharest
Bucharest, Treaty Of, The Agreement Which Terminated The War Be Tween Rumania And The Central Powers, Signed At Bucharest, May 6, 1918. The Withdrawal Of Russia From The War Had Robbed Rumania Of Her Only Strong Ally In Eastern Europe, And Thus Had Made Her Defeat Inevitable. At The End ...
Tycho Brahe
Brahe, Tycho (braie), A Swedish Astronomer, Born In Knudstrup, Near Lund, Dec. 14, 1546. He Was Descended From A Noble Family, And Was Sent, At The Age Of 13, To The University Of Copenhagen. An Eclipse Of The Sun Turned His Attention To Astronomy. His Uncle Destined Him For The ...
United Sta Brazil
Brazil, United Sta',.es Of, A Former Empire, But, Since 1889, A Re Public Of South America; Bounded On The E. By The Atlantic Ocean, And On The N., W., And S. By All The Other South American Republics Except Chile And Ecuador; Length, From N. To S., Over 2,g00 Miles; ...
University Of Chicago
Chicago, University Of, A Co Educational (non-sectarian) Institution In Chicago, Ill., Founded By John D. Rockefeller, Dating From Sept. 10, 1890, When The Institution Was Incorporated Under The Laws Of Illinois. A Previous Institution Known As The University Of Chicago Had Gone Out Of Existence, Owing To Financial Difficulties, In ...
Young Peoples Society Of
Christian Endeavor, Young People's Society Of, A Society Dis Tinctly Religious In All Its Features: Or Ganized Feb. 2, 1881, In Williston Church, Portland, Me., By The Rev. Francis E. Clark, D. D. From One Small Association It Has Expanded Into Over 77,500 Societies (united States, 51,268; Canada, 4,118; Foreign ...
Or Bernoulli Bernouilli
Bernouilli, Or Bernoulli (ber No-ye), A Family Which Produced Eight Distinguished Men Of Science. The Fam Ily Fled From Antwerp During The Alva Administration, Going First To Frankfort, And Afterward To Basel. 1. James, Born In Basel In 1654, Became Professor Of Mathematics. There 1687, And Died 1705. He Applied ...
Or Boethius Boetius
Boetius, Or Boethius, Anicius Manlius Torquatus Severinus (b5-e'thius), A Roman Didactic Poet And Statesman, Born Between 470 And 475. While In Prison Awaiting Execution He Composed "consolation Of Philosophy" In Prose And Verse. He Died About 525. Beuf (bef) Bayou, A Large Bayou Of The Mississippi River In Louisiana; Flowing ...
Or Brahminism Brahmanism
Brahmanism, Or Brahminism, The System Of Religious Belief And Prac Tice, Introduced And Propagated By The Brahmans. This Greatly Varied With The Lapse Of Ages, But To Every Successive Form Of It The Name Brahmanism May Be Applied. The Earliest Inhabitants Of India Seem To Have Been Mainly Tura Nians. ...
Or Camboja Cambodia
Cambodia, Or Camboja, Nominally A State In Indo-china Under A French Protectorate, But Practically A French Dependency, Part Of French Indo-china, On The Lower Course Of The Mekong, 220 Miles From N. E. To S. W., And 150 Miles Broad, Comprising An Area Of 46,000 Square Miles; Pop. About 1,650,000. ...
Or Cheh Kiang Cheh Chiang
Cheh-chiang, Or Cheh-kiang, A Maritime Province Of China Proper, In Which Is Included The Chusan Archipel Ago. Cheh-chiang Is Bounded N. By The Province Of Chiang-su (kiang-su), E. By The Eastern Sea Or East China Sea (tung-hai), S. By The Province Of Fu Chien (fo-kien), And W. By The Prov ...
Or China
China, Or The Chinese Republic, A Vast Territory In Asia, Comprehending Seven Great Divisions, Viz.: Manchuria, Mongolia, Hsinchiang, Fengtien, Kirin, Heilungchiang, Tibet, China Proper, Or The Eighteen Provinces (shill - Pa Shang), Formerly Including The Island Of Formosa. As A Consequence Of The Chino-japanese War, Formosa Was Ceded To Japan ...
Or Hemorrhage Bleeding
Bleeding, Or Hemorrhage, One Of The Most Serious Accidents Which Can Happen To An Animal, And Constitutes The Most Anxious Complication In Surgical Operations. As There Is But A Limited Quantity Of Blood In The Body (corre Sponding To About One-tenth Of Its Weight), The Sudden Escape Of A Large ...
Or Labor Birth
Birth, Or Labor, In Physiology, Is The Act By Which A Female Of The Class Mammalia Brings One Of Her Own Species Into The World. When The Foetus Has Re Mained Its Due Time In The Womb, And Is In A Condition To Carry On A Separate Existence, It Is ...
Or Tcherkessia Circassia
Circassia, Or Tcherkessia, A Mountainous Region In The S. E. Of Euro Pean Russia, Lying Chiefly On The N. Slope Of The Caucasus, Partly Also On The S., And Bounded On The W. By The Black Sea. Since The Russian Revolution This Terri Tory Forms Part Of The Republics Of ...
The Blind
Blind, The, Those Who Want, Or Are Deficient In, The Sense Of Sight. Blindness May Vary In Degree From The Slightest Impairment Of Vision To Total Loss Of Sight; It May Also Be Temporary Or Permanent. It Is Caused By Defect, Dis Ease, Or Injury To The Eye, To The ...
The Christian Church
Christian Church, The, Con Sists Of Those Who Have Been Baptized In The Name Of Christ And Who Accept His Doctrines And Live In Harmony With Them. The Church, In Its Broadest Sense, Consists Of True Believers In All Ages; But The Christian Church Was Established Through The Life And ...