COOLIDGE, CALVIN, an American public official, Republican candidate for vice-president in 1920. He was born in 1872 in Plymouth, Vt., and graduated from Amherst College in 1895. In the fall of that year he began the study of law in the offices of Hammond and Field in Northampton, Mass., and two years later was admitted to the bar. Soon after he entered the practice of law he was elected a member of the North ampton City Council, and has held pub lic office almost continuously since. In 1900 and 1901 he was City Solicitor of Northampton. From 1907-1908 he was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives and later Mayor of Northampton. In 1912-1916 he served in the State Senate, being president of that body for two years. From 1916 to 1918 he field the post of Lieutenant-Gov ernor of Massachusetts, and in 1918 was elected Governor of the State. During 1919 a strike of the Boston police left that city for a few days at the mercy of the lawless elements. Governor Coolidge took vigorous measures to enlist a volun teer force and refused to make any terms with the strikers who were dis charged and not re-employed. His action
brought him nation-wide fame and was indorsed by a majority of the citizens of his State, who re-elected him Governor in 1919. He was nominated for dent on the first ballot by the Repub.
dies, Mauritius, and other places, their passage being paid for them on their agreeing to serve for a term of years, The first coolie emigrants appear to have been those sent to British Guiana from Calcutta in 1839 to supply the want of labor felt after the abolition of slavery. The coolies employed in Guiana are still chiefly from India. Coolies have also been introduced into Jamaica, Trinidad, Natal, and large numbers into Mauritius. There are over 600,000 in the British colonies. The Chinese coolies have been principally sent to Cuba and Peru. The name is also given to Chinese immigrants to the United States.