Albert Durer
Durer, Albert, A German Painter, Designer, Sculptor, And Engraver On Wood And Metal; Born In Niirnberg In 1471. His Father Was A Skillful Goldsmith Of Hungary. In 1486 He Left His Father's Trade And Became An Apprentice Of Michael Wohlgemuth, Then The Best Painter In Nurnberg. At Nurnberg He Married ...
Alighieri Dante
Dante, Alighieri The Greatest Of Italian Poets.; Born In Florence About The End Of May, 1265, Of A Family Belonging To The Lower Nobility. His Education Was Confided To The Learned Brunetto Latini. He Is Said Also To Have Studied In Various Seats Of Learning. He Seems To Have Been ...
American
American Colleces.—the History Of American Colleges May Be Divided Into Three Periods—the Colonial College, The Old American College, And The New Amer Ican College. The Colonial College Ended With The American Revolution; The New American College Begins About The Year 1870 And Is Still In Process Of Evolution. Before The ...
American Civil War
Civil War, American, A War In The United States, Caused By The Attempt Of The Southern States To Establish An Independent Government Under The Name Of The Confederate States Of America. The First Gun Was Fired, On Jan. 9, 1861, By Batteries In Charleston Harbor, Which Drove Back The Steamer ...
Augustin Py Rame De
De Candolle, Augustin Py Rame (de-kon-dol'), A Swiss Botanist, Descended From An Ancient Noble Family Of Provence; Born In Geneva, Feb. 4, 1778. In 1796-1797 He Studied Chemis Try, Physics, And Botany In Paris, Where In 1797 His Earliest Work, On Lichens, Was Published. Other Works Quickly Fol Lowed, Including ...
Calvin Coolidge
Coolidge, Calvin, An American Public Official, Republican Candidate For Vice-president In 1920. He Was Born In 1872 In Plymouth, Vt., And Graduated From Amherst College In 1895. In The Fall Of That Year He Began The Study Of Law In The Offices Of Hammond And Field In Northampton, Mass., And ...
Caps Elavius Valerius Aurelius
Constantine, Cap's Elavius Valerius Aurelius Claudius, A Roman Emperor, Surnamed The Great; Son Of The Emperor Constantine Chlorus; Born 274 A. D. After The Death Of His Father He Was Chosen Emperor By The Soldiery, In The Year 306, And Took Posses Sion Of The Countries Which Had Been Subject ...
Charles Dickens
Dickens, Charles, An English Novelist; Born In Landport, Portsea, Feb. 7, 1812. Early In Life The Law Was Selected As His Future Profession, But The Drudgery Of An Attorney's Office Worried Him, And Removing To London He Became A Reporter Of Parliamentary Debates For The "morning Chronicle" Newspaper. To This ...
Charles Robert Darwin
Darwin, Charles Robert, An English Naturalist; Born In Shrewsbury, Feb. 12, 1809; Was The Son Of Dr. Robert Darwin And Grandson Of Dr. Erasmus Darwin. He Was Educated At Shrews Bury School, And At The Universities Of Edinburgh And Cambridge. He Early De Voted Himself To The Study Of Natural ...
Chauncey Mitchell Depew
Depew, Chauncey Mitchell, An American Lawyer; Born In Peekskill, N. Y., April 23, 1834, Of Huguenot And Puritan Ancestry; Was Graduated At Yale College In 1856, And Was Admitted To The Bar In 1858. In 1860 He Worked For The Election Of Lincoln; 1861-1862, Was A Member Of The New ...
Christopher Columbus
Columbus, Christopher, The Latinized Form Of The Italian Colombo, And The Spanish Colon, The Great Naviga Tor Who Added A New Hemisphere To Our Globe; Born Near Genoa, Probably In 1451. He Was The Son Of A Wool-comber; At Tended For Some Little Time The School Of Learning In Pavia, ...
Civil Service
Civil Service, That Branch Of The Public Service Which Includes The Non Military Servants Of The Government. The Purpose Of The Civil-service Act, As Declared In Its Title, Is To Regulate And Improve The Civil Service Of The United States." It Provides For The Ap Pointment Of Three Commissioners, Not ...
Clairvoyance
Clairvoyance, Defined As The Power Of Perceiving Without The Use Of The Organ Of Vision Or Under Conditions In Which The Organ Of Vision With Its Natural Powers Alone Would Be Useless. It Comprises The Sight Of Things Past, Present, Or Future. Various Methods Of Clairvoyance Are Recounted: By Direct ...
Clay
Clay, The Name Of Various Earths, Which Consist Of Hydrated Silicate Of Alu Minum, With Small Proportions Of The Silicates Of Iron, Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, And Sodium. All The Varieties Are Characterized By Being Firmly Co Herent, Weighty, Compact, And Hard When Dry, But Plastic When Moist, Smooth To Touch, ...
Clearfield
Clearfield, A Borough Of Penn Sylvania, The County-seat Of Clearfield Co. It Is On The Pennsylvania, The New York Central And Hudson River, And The Buf Falo, Rochester And Pittsburgh Railroads, And On The Susquehanna River. It Is The Center Of An Important Coal And Fire Clay Region. Its Industries ...
Cleopatra
Cleopatra, A Greek Queen Of Egypt; Born 69 B. C., The Eldest Daughter Of Ptolemy Auletes. When She Was 17 Her Father Died, Leaving Her As Joint Heir To The Throne With His Eldest Son Ptolemy, Whom She Was To Marry—such Marriages Being Common Among The Ptolemies. Being Deprived Of ...
Clermont Tonnerre
Clermont-tonnerre (klar-mon' Ton-nar'), The Name Of A Noble French Family, Of Whom One Of The Most Cele Brated Was Count Stanislas, Born In 1747. At The Breaking Out Of The Revo Lution Of 1789 He Endeavored To Promote The Establishment Of A Constitutional E., Is Naturally An Open One. Great ...
Clock
Clock, An Instrument For Measuring And Indicating The Time Of Day. From The Earliest Periods Of Human History Man Has Sought To Measure Time. To Pastoral Or Agricultural Nations Where The Duties Of Each Day Were Monotonous And Bounded By The Four Great Divisions Of Sunrise, Midday, Sunset, And Midnight, ...
Clothing
Clothing, The Clothes Or Dress, That Is, The Artificial Coverings Collectively, Which People Wear. Nothing Is More Necessary To Comfort Than That The Body Should Be Kept In Nearly A Uniform Tem Perature, Thus Preventing The Disturb Ance Of The Important Excretory Func Tions Of The Skin By The Influence ...
Clouds
Clouds, Formations Owing Their Origin To Aqueous Vapor Diffused In The Atmosphere. The Vapor Is Supplied From The Evaporation Of The Sea And Other Water Surfaces, Under The Influence Of Solar Heat, And Is Diffused Through The Agency Of Winds. Air—under A Given Pressure And Temperature—can Absorb, Or Hold, Only ...
Co Operation
Co-operation, When Signifying So Cial Organization, And In Its Widest Appli Cation, Is The Voluntary Association Of A Number Of Persons For The Attainment Of Certain Economic Advantages, As In The Combination Of Farmers For The Sale Of Their Produce In Such Large Volume As To Eliminate Parasitic Middlemen. Spe ...
Coal
Coal, A Solid Mineralized Vegetable Matter That Can Be Used For Fuel. In The Sense Of A Piece Of Glowing Fuel, Thence A Piece Of Fuel, Whether Dead Or Alive, The Word Is Common To All Languages Of The Gothic Stock, And Seems Allied To The Latin Caleo, To Be ...
Coal Gas
Coal Gas, A Mixture Of Gases Pro Duced By The Destructive Distillation Of Coal At Regulated Temperatures. It Is Used In Lighting Streets, Houses, Etc., And For Cooking And Heating Purposes. Coal Gas Is Colorless And Has A Disagreeable Smell. It Is Purified From H2s By Ferric Hydrate, Which Is ...
Coast Defense
Coast Defense, A System Of Forti Fications To Protect A Country From Hostile Attacks Or Oc.:upations On Its Coast Lines. It Consists Of Forts Well Equipped With Heavy Guns And Thoroughly Manned And Placed At Strategic Points. It Includes Also Torpedo Boats, Submarines, Harbor Mines, Searchlights, And All The Other ...
Cobalt
Cobalt, A Metallic Element, At. Wt. 59, Symbol Co. The Metal Was First Ob Tained In An Impure State By Brandt, In 1733. It Occurs As Speiss Cobalt, Or Tin White Cobalt Coas,, And Cobalt-glance, Coass. Cobalt Occurs In Meteoric Iron. Metallic Cobalt Is A Hard, Magnetic, Duc Tile, Reddish-gray ...
Code
Code, A Systematic Collection Or Digest Of Laws, Classified And Simplified. (1) Code Napoleon—the Name Given To A Code Promulgated In France In 1804, Originally Under The Name Of Code Civil Des Francais, But Altered To Code Napo Leon Under Bonaparte. (2) Code Of Justinian.—[named After Justinian, Who Was Born ...
Codex
Codex, A Roll Or Volume, Especially Used In Compound Terms, As Codex Justinianus, Code Of Justinian, Codex Theodosianus, Code Of Theodosius. In Biblical Criticism, A Manuscript Of Any Portion Of The New Or Old Testament, Especially Of The Former. The Original Manuscripts Of The Two Testaments Have Been Lost. In ...
Coeducation
Coeducation, A Method Of The Liberal Education Of Women And Of Men In The Same College, Under Similar Con Ditions, And With Similar Results. It Is The Method Commonly Prevailing In American Colleges And Universities. About Three-fourths Of All Colleges Are Open To Both Men And Women; The Larger Share ...
Coffee
Coffee, The Seed Of An Evergreen Shrub Which Is Cultivated In Hot Climates, And Is A Native Of Abyssinia And Of Arabia. This Shrub (coif& Arabica) Is From 15 To 20 Feet In Height, And Belongs To The Rubiacem. The Leaves Are Green, Glossy On The Upper Surface, And The ...
Coke
Coke, One Of The Products Of The Dis Tillation Of Coal In Ovens And Retorts. It Bears The Same Relation To Coal That Char Coal Does To Wood. Coke Was Originally Produced By Burning Coal In Piles, With A Limited Supply Of Air, Much After The Modern Method Of Charcoal ...
Colleges
Colleges. Three Forms Of The In Stitutions Of The Higher Education Are Easily Distinguished. The Earliest Was The Private, Or Ecclesiastical. By This Method A Few Citizens, Usually Members Of A Church, Associated Themselves For The Purpose Of Securing A Charter From The Government Of The State In Which It ...
Colleges For Women
Colleges For Women, Institu Tions Of Higher Learning, Designed To Give Women Practically The Same Advantages Of Instruction And Research As Are Af Forded To Men. They Are Of Three Types: Independent Or Separate Colleges; Co-or Dinate Or Affiliated Colleges, Connected More Or Less Closely With An Older College For ...
Cologne
Cologne (ko-lon'), German, Köln (keuln), A City Of Rhenish Prussia, On The Left Bank Of The Rhine, Forming, In Connection With Deutz, Which Serves As A Tete-du-pont Of The Opposite Side Of The River (across Which Are Several Bridges), A Fortress Of The First Rank. The Most Important Edifice Is ...
Colombia
Colombia, A Republic Of South America; Bounded On The N. By Panama And The Caribbean Sea; E. By Venezuela And Brazil; S. By Brazil And Ecuador; And W. By The Pacific Ocean; Area, 513,938 Square Miles. Pop. About 5, 000,000. Topography. — The Surface Of The Country Is Extremely Varied, ...
Colony
Colony, A Settlement Formed In One Country By The Inhabitants Of Another. Colonies May Either Be Formed In Depend Ence On The Mother Country Or In Inde Pendence. Among Ancient Nations The Principal Promoters Of Colonization Were The Phoenicians, The Greeks, And The Ro Mans; The Greatest Colonizers In Modern ...
Color Photography
Color Photography, A System Of Photographic Reproduction Of Objects In Their Own Colors, Which Should Not Be Confused With Colored Photographs. The Successful Accomplishment Of This Has Long Been Desired, And Has Been The Sub Ject Of Much Research And Investigation, But Even To-day It Is Generally Felt That The ...
Color Printing
Color Printing, The Art Of Produc Ing Pictures, Designs, Cards, Etc., In Various Colors By Means Of Lithography, Printing From Metal Blocks, Etc. The Ordinary Methods Are: (1) The Chromo Lithographic, In Which A Tracing Of The Original Picture, Or The Like, Is First Made And A Copy Transferred To ...
Colorado
Colorado, A State In The Western Division Of The North American Union; Bounded By Wyoming, Nebraska, Kan Sas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, And Utah; Gross Area, 103,645 Square Miles; Ad Mitted To The Union, July 4, 1876; Num Ber Of Counties, Sixty-three; Population (1890) 412,198; (1900) 539,700; (1910) 799,024; (1920) 939,629; ...
Columbia University
Columbia University, An In Stitution For Higher Education, In New York City. It Was Incorporated In 1754 As King's College. In 1784 The State Legislature Passed An Act Vesting The Property Of King's College In The Re Gents Of The State Of New York, And Changing The Name Of The ...
Combination
Combination, In Law, A Combina Tion To Commit A Crime Is An Indictable Conspiracy (q. V.). A Combination To Commit An Act Which Is Injurious, Im Moral, Or Contrary To Public Policy, Is In Some But Not In All Cases Held To Amount To Conspiracy. Combinations Of Work Men To ...
Comet
Comet, A Luminous Heavenly Body Which, In General, Consists Of A Nucleus Or "head" With, Or Frequently Without, A Tail, The Whole Moving In The Heavens, First Toward, Then Around, And Finally Away Again From The Sun, Like A Planet At One Part Of Its Elliptic Orbit. Comets Have In ...
Commerce
Commerce, A Mutual Exchange, Buying And Selling, Whether Abroad Or At Home, But In A More Specific Or Limited Sense It Denotes Intercourse Or Trans Actions Of The Character Now Described With Foreign Nations Or With Colonies; Mutual Exchange Or Buying And Selling At Home Being Designated Not Commerce But ...
Commercial Education
Education, Commercial. Shortly Before The Civil War Private Business Colleges Were Established In The United States. Their Purpose Was To Train Men For Active Business Work, But It Was Some Time Before Their Curriculums Eliminated Many Of The Subjects More Properly Belonging To An Academic Educa Tion. About 1884 The ...
Commons
Commons, The People Who Have A Right To Sit Or A Right To Vote For Repre Sentatives In The English House Of Com Mons, And All Who In England Are Under The Rank Of Peers Without Reference To Their Voting Privileges. ' English House Of Commons Is That One Of ...
Communism
Communism, A System Of Society In Which Common Property Is The Recognized Form. In Later Times It Is An Attempt To Prevent Or Remedy The Evils Arising Out Of The Inequalities Of Private Property By Holding Property In Common. But In Primitive Societies, In The Hunting And Pastoral Stages Of ...
Compass
Compass, An Instrument Used To In Dicate The Magnetic Meridian Or The Po Sition Of Objects With Respect To That Meridian, And Employed Especially On Ships, And By Surveyors And Travelers. Its Origin Is Unknown, But It Is Supposed To Have Been Brought From China To Europe About The Middle ...
Competition
Competition, The Act Of Endeavor Ing To Gain What Another Endeavors To Gain At The Same Time. In Political Economy It Is Simply The Form Taken By The Struggle For Existence As Applied To Industry. Formerly, Prices And Gener Ally The Economic Relations Of Men To Each Other Were Regulated ...
Compressed Air
Compressed Air. Atmospheric Air Compressed By Means Of Pumps, Etc., And Used In Driving Stationary And Loco Motive Engines And Excavating Machines; As Also In Working Pneumatic Dispatch 7—vol. Iii—c Ye Tubes, Railway-brakes, Etc. The Use Of Compressed Air By Railroads Began With The Introduction Of The Westinghouse Air Brake ...
Condenser
Condenser, One Who Or That Which 'condenses. Steant-engine.—an Apparatus For Re Ducing To A Liquid Form The Steam In Front Of The Piston, So As To Obtain A Partial Vacuum At That Point, And Thus Utilize The Natural Pressure Of The Atmosphere. Watt Invented The Injection Condenser And The Separate ...
Congress Of The United
Congress Of The United States, The Legislative Branch Of The Federal Government, Deriving Its Powers From The Constitution. It Consists Of A Senate And A House Of Representatives. The Powers Of Congress Are Enumerated In Article 1, Section 8, Of The Constitu Tion, And All Powers Not Granted To Con ...
Congressional District
District, Congressional, In The United States, A Division Of A State According To Its Population, Sufficient In Size To Entitle It To A Representative In Congress. The Ratio Of Representation Is Established By Congress Every 10 Years, And Is Based On The Total Popu Lation As Reported By The Last ...
Conjunction
Conjunction, In Astronomy, One Of The Aspects Of The Planets. Two Heav Enly Bodies Are In Conjunction When They Have The Same Longitude—that Is, When The Same Perpendicular To The Ecliptic Passes Through Both. If They Have, At The Same Time, The Same Latitude—that Is, If They Are Both Equally ...
Connecticut
Connecticut, A State In The North Atlantic Division Of The North American Union; Bounded By Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Long Island Sound, And New York; Gross Area, 4,845 Square Miles; One Of The Original 13 States; Number Of Counties. 8; Population (1890) 746, 258; (1900) 908,420; (1910) 1,114,756; (1920) 1,380,631; Capital, ...
Conservation
Conservation, The Purpose Of The Movement For The Conservation Of The Natural Resources Of The United States Is To Protect From Wasteful Use And From Private Monopoly The Minerals, Waters, Land, And Forests. The Conservation Movement Was Really Started By Gifford Pinchot, Head Of The Forestry Depart Ment Under President ...
Conservation Of Food
Conservation Of Food, An Economic Problem Which First Became The Object Of Serious Consideration By Gov Ernments During The World War. The Axiom That "every Army Fights On Its Stomach" Was Suddenly Found To Be As True Of The Nations At War As A Whole. Two Important Causes Were Be ...
Conspiracy
Conspiracy, A Secret Agreement Or Combination Between Two Or More Per Sons To Commit Any Unlawful Act That May Injure Any Third Person Or Persons. Every Act Of Conspiracy Is A Misdemeanor At Common Law. In June, 1900, The House Committee On The Judiciary Of The United States Congress, Reported ...
Constantinople
Constantinople ("city Of Con Stantine"), Called By The Turks Stam Boul ; A Celebrated City Of Turkey In Eu Rope; Capital Of The Turkish Empire; On A Promontory Jutting Out Into The Sea Of Marmoi A, Having The Golden Horn, An Inlet Of The Latter, On The N. And The ...
Constellation
Constellation, A Group Or Con Figuration Of Stars, Within Certain Bound Aries, To Which A Definite Name Has Been Assigned, The Name Being Generally Ex Pressed In Its Latin For The Sake Of In Ternational Convenience And Of Exactness. This Grouping Is Almost Entirely Arti Ficial, Though Some Of The ...
Constitution
Constitution, The Organic Law, Written Or Unwritten, Of A Body Politic, Though The Word Is Used Popularly With Great Vagueness. The Natives Of Eng Land Speak With Pride Of The British "constitution." Each Of The United States Of America Has A "constitution," While The Federal "constitution" Holds Them All Together. ...
Constitution Of The United
Constitution Of The United States.—we, The People Of The United States, In Order To Form A More Perfect Union, Establish Justice, Insure Domestic Tranquillity, Provide For The Common De Fense, Promote The General Welfare, And Secure The Blessings Of Liberty To Our Selves And Our Posterity, Do Ordain And Establish ...
Consul
Consul, Two Supreme Magistrates, With Equal Authority, Elected Annually In Ancient Rome From The Time Of The Ex Pulsion Of The Kings And The Commence Ment Of The Republic (a. U. C. 244; 509 B. C.) They Were Called At First Prietors (praetors), Imperatores (commanders), And Indices (judges) ; But ...
Consumers League
Consumers' League, An Organiza Tion Of American Housewives Whose Pur Pose Is To Exercise Their Joint Purchasing Power On Merchants And Manufacturers In Favor Of Labor Conditions, Especially For Women And Children. The Idea Orig Inated In England, Where The Women's Co-operative Guild, Composed Of The Women Members Of The ...
Contract
Contract, The Term Usually Applied To Such Agreements (whether Express Or Implied) As Create, Or Are Intended To Create, A Legal Right, And Correspond Ing Liability; Such Right Not Attach Ing To The Possession Of The Subject Matter Of The Contract, Except In Equity, And That Indirectly, But Subsisting Both ...
Convention
Convention, The Act Of Coming To Gether Or Assembling; The State Of Being Assembled. The Word Convention Has In The United States An Association Of Ideas Pregnant With All That Is Most Important In Our Political History. The Secession :.onventions Held In The Southern States, Resulted In The Civil War ...
Cookery
Cookery, The Art And Practice Of Preparing Food Mainly By Means Of Heat. The Various Processes Of Roasting, Toast Ing, Broiling, Boiling, Stewing, Brewing, Baking, Grilling, Braising, And Frying, Chemically Or Mechanically Alter The Con Stituent Elements Of Organic Matter And Make Them More Easily Digestible. Thus Vigorous Boiling Serves ...
Copenhagen
Copenhagen (merchants' Haven), The Capital Of Denmark, And Headquar Ters Of The National Commerce, Literature, And Art; Situated On The Shore Of The Island Of Zealand, In The Sound, Which Is Here About 12 Miles Broad; An Outlying Portion, Christianshavn, Stands At The N. End Of The Island Of Amager ...
Copper
Copper, A Dyad Metallic Element; Symbol, Cu.; At. Wt. 63.6; Sp. Gr., 8.95; Melting Point, 1,091° C. Copper Is A Red Malleable, Ductile Metal, Occurring In A Native State On The S. Shore Of Lake Superior. It Also Occurs To A Greater Ex Tent As Copper Pyrites Of A Brass ...
Copyright
Copyright, The Exclusive Right Of Property In Any Intellectual Production; The Protection Afforded By The Law For A Limited Number Of Years To The Origina Tor Of Any Written Or Printed Composi Tion Or Work Of Art, Or To His Heirs And Assigns, Whereby Persons Unauthorized Are Prevented From Multiplying ...
Coral
Coral, The Name Applied To The Cal Careous Stony Structures Secreted By Many Of The Actinozoa, Which Form One Of The Divisions Of The Coelenterate Zoophytes, And Also Applied To The Ani Mals Themselves. Two Kinds Of Corals Are Distinguished By Naturalists, Sclero Dermic And Sclerobctsic, Or Those In Which ...
Cornell University
Cornell University, A Non Sectarian, Coeducational Institution, At Ithaca, N. Y., Owing Its Origin To The Land Grant Act Of Congress Of 1862. It Is Named In Honor Of The Late Ezra Cornell, Who Promised The State $500,000 With Which To Erect Buildings For The New University, The Terms Of ...
Corporation
Corporation, A Corporate Body Legally Empowered To Act As A Single In Dividual, And Having A Common Seal. A Corporation May Be Either Aggregate Or Sole. Corporations Aggregate Consist Of Two Or More Persons Legally Incorpo Rated In A Society, Which Is Kept Up By A Succession Of Members, Either ...
Correspondence Schools
Correspondence Schools, Schools In Which Instruction Is Given By Mail To Those Students Who Are Unable To Attend Schools And College, Either Be Cause They Cannot Afford To Stop Remuner Ative Labor Or Because They Are Too Far Distant From Any Good School. Under The System The Student, After The ...
Corrupt Practices
Corrupt Practices, Methods Em Ployed In Elections To Influence The Voter Or To Change The Result Of The Election In An Improper Manner. The Practices Al Luded To Are Bribery, Making False Elec Tion Returns, Making False Declaration Regarding Election Expenses, And Person Ation Of Voters. The English Parlia Ment ...
Corsica
Corsica, An Island In The Mediter Ranean, Forming The French Department Of The Same Name. It Is Separated From The Island Of Sardinia, On The S., By The Strait Of Bonifacio, About 10 Miles Wide; Length, N. To S., 110 Miles; Breadth, Near Its Center, 53 Miles; Area, 3,367 Square ...
Cossacks
Cossacks, Tribes Who Inhabit The Southern And Eastern Parts Of Russia, And, Previous To The Russian Revolution, Paying No Taxes, But Performing Instead The Duty Of Soldiers. Nearly All Of Them Belong To The Church, To Which They Are Strongly Attached. They Must Be Divided Into Two Principal Class Es, ...
Costa Rica
Costa Rica, A Republic Of Central America; Bounded On The N. By Nicara Gua; E. By_ The Caribbean Sea; S. By Panama; W. By The Pacific Ocean; Area, 32,000 Square Miles; Pop. (official Estimate, 1918) 459,423; Capital, San Jose, 38,000. Topography.—the Interior Of The Country Is Very Mountainous, The Ranges ...
Cotton
Cotton, A Vegetable Hair Or Filament Constituting The Wing Of The Seed Of The Different Species Of Gossypium, A Plant Belonging To The Order Of Malvacem, Growing Both In The Temperate And Tropi Cal Climates, Indigenous In Asia, Africa, And South America. Both Fiber And Seed Are Produced In Pods ...
Cotton Insects
Cotton Insects. There Are A Great Many Insects That Do Injury To Cotton, Among Them The Cotton Worm, The Bud Worm, The Bollworm, The Yellow Bear, The Io, And The Bogworm. Perhaps The Most Injurious Of These Is The Cotton Worm, The Ravages Of Which First Began To Be Noticed ...
Council Of Workingmen And
Council Of Workingmen And Soldiers, More Generally Known By Its Russian Name, The Soviet, A Word Signi Fying "council." A Council Of Work Ingmen Was First Organized In Moscow, In 1905, By The Russian Revolutionists, With Leon Trotzky As Its Chief Execu Tive. It Participated To A Leading Extent In ...
Court
Court, In Law, A Tribunal Of Justice; The Hall, Chamber, Or Place Where Justice Is Administered, Or The Persons (judges) Assembled For Hearing And Deciding Causes, Civil, Criminal, Military, Naval, Or Ecclesiastical. Courts May Be Classified In Various Ways. A Common Distinction Is Into Courts Of Record And Not Of ...
Covenanters
Covenanters, In Scottish History, The Name Given To The Party Which Struggled For Religious Liberty From 1637 On To The Revolution; But More Especially Applied To The Insurgents Who, After The Passing Of The Act Of 1662 Denouncing The Solemn League And Covenant As A Seditious Oath (see Above Article), ...
Covington
Covington, A City And County-seat Of Kenton Co., Ky.; On The Ohio River, Opposite Cincinnati, Which Which It Is Connected By A Handsome Suspension Bridge, 2,250 Feet Long, And Costing $2,000,000. It Is On The Louisville And Nashville And The Chesapeake And Ohio Railroads. Electric Lines Connect It With Near-by ...
Cretaceous System
Cretaceous System, The Highest Division Of The Mesozoic Or Secondary Strata, Rests Conformably Upon The Jurassic System, And Is Overlaid Uncon Formably By The Oldest Deposits Of The Eocene System. The Cretaceous Strata Of Great Britain Are Confined Chiefly To The E. And S. E. Of England. They Form The ...
Cricket
Cricket, A Well-known Game, Played In The United States, Great Britain, Australia, And India, The Players Being Arranged In Two Contesting Parties Of 11 Each. Strutt, One Of The Best English Authorities On Ancient Sport, Adduces Some Evidence To Show That "club-ball," Played In The 14th Century, May Have Been ...
Crimean War
Crimean War, The Struggle Be Tween England, France, And Turkey On The One Hand, And Russia On The Other, To Prevent The Undue Preponderance Of Russia In The E. Of Europe, Which Oc Curred In 1854 To 1856. The Old Plans For The Extension Of Russian Power Conceived By Catharine ...
Criminal Law
Criminal Law, That Branch Of Law Which Deals With Crimes And Their Pun Ishment And Is In Use In One Shape Or Another Wherever Human Society Exists. The Earliest Form Of Penal Law Seems To Have Rested On A Principle Of Private Vengeance, And To Have Taken Shape In The ...
Cross
Cross, A Gibbet, Consisting Of Two Pieces Of Timber Placed Across Each Other In A Variety Of Forms. The Cross Was Used As A Very General Instrument Of Punishment From The Earliest Times. Among The Syrians, Jews, Egyptians, Persians, And Especially The Carthagin Ians, It Appears To Have Been The ...