DROWNING, death by suffocation, owing to the mouth and nostrils being immersed in a liquid. Complete insensi bility arises in from one to two minutes after submersion, recovery being still possible; death occurs in from two to five minutes. As long as the heart continues to beat, recovery is possible; after it has ceased, it is impossible. Newly born children and young puppies stand sub mersion longer than the more fully n. Various methods have been de vised for the restoration of the appar ently drowned. That of Dr. Sylvester, recommended by the English Humane Society, produces deeper inspiration than any other known method. That known as the "direct method," introduced by Dr. Benjamin Howard, of New York, effects the most complete expiration.
These instructions will be found use ful when no assistance can be had: Arouse the Patient.—Do not move the patient unless in danger of frcez ing; instantly expose the face to the air, toward the wind if there be any; wipe dry the mouth and nostrils; rip the clothing so as to expose the chest and waist; give two or three quick, smarting slaps on the chest with the open hand.
If the patient does not revive, proceed immediately as follows: To Expel Water from the Stomach and Chest.—Separate the jaws and keep them apart by placing between the teeth a cork or small bit of wood; turn the patient on his face, a large bundle of tightly rolled clothing being placed be neath the stomach; press heavily on the back over it for half a minute, or as long as fluids flow freely from the mouth.
To Produce Respiration.—If no assist ance is at hand and one person must work alone, place the patient on his back with the shoulders slightly raised on a folded article of clothing; draw forward the tongue and keep it projecting just beyond the lips; if the lower jaw be lifted the teeth may be made to hold the tongue in place; it may be necessary to retain the tongue by passing a handkerchief under the chin and tying it over the head.
Grasp the arms just below the elbows and draw them steadily upward by the sides of the patient's head to the ground, the hands nearly meeting.
Next lower the arms to the side and press firmly downward and inward on the sides and front of the chest over the lower ribs, drawing toward the patient's head.
Repeat these movements 12 to 15 times every minute, etc.
DROZ (dro), FRANcOIS XAVIER JOSEPH, a French moralist and his torian; born in Besancon in 1773. In 1806 he published "An Essay on the Art of Being Happy," which was very popular; and in 1823 "Moral Philosophy, or Different Systems of the Science of Life," which procured his admission into the Academy. His reputation is, how ever, founded chiefly on_ his "Histoire du "refine de Louis XVI." He died in 1860.