Crusade
Crusade, A Military Expedition Under The Banner Of The Cross, As That Against The Infidels Of The Holy Land; Also Any War Or Expedition Undertaken On Pretense Of Defending The Cause Of Religion; A Romantic Or Enthusiastic En Terprise; As, A Crusade Against Vice. In The European History Of The ...
Crystal
Crystal (ice), In Chemistry And Mineralogy, A Clear Transparent Body, Which, By The Mutual Attracti'n Of Its Particles, Has Assumed The Form Of Some One Of The Regular Geometric Solids, Being Bounded By A Certain Number Of Plane Surfaces. A Crystal Consists Of Three Parts. First, Plane Surfaces, Called Faces, ...
Crystallography
Crystallography, The Science Which Describes Or Delineates The Form Of Crystals. In A. D. 1672, Rome De Lisle Published His "essay On Crystallog Raphy," But The Honor Of Being Regarded As The Founder Of The Science Is Given To The Abbe Rene-just Haiiy. He Was Born At St. Just, In ...
Cuba
Cuba, The Largest And Most Westerly Of The West Indies. It Stretches In The Form Of A Narrow Crescent, Convex On The N. Side, At The Entrance Of The Gulf Of Mexico, Which It Divides Into Two Channels, The N. W., 124 Miles Wide, And The S. W., Miles At ...
Cultural Education Coeducationcolleges
Cultural Education ; Coeducation; Colleges For Women; Common Schools; Medical Education; School; Secondary Schools; Normal School; Technical Education; Universities, Amertc.an; University Extension; Education. England. — Before The Reformation There Were, With The Exception Of The Universities, Very Few Institutions For The Advancement Of Learning Which Could Be Called Public. The ...
Cuneiform Writing
Cuneiform Writing, The Name Applied To The Wedge-shaped Characters Of The Inscriptions On Old Babylonian And Persian Monuments; Sometimes Also De Scribed As "arrow-headed" Or "nail Headed" Characters. They Appear To Have Been Originally Of The Nature Of Hiero Glyphs, And To Have Been Invented By The Primitive Akkadian Inhabitants ...
Cutty Stool
Cutty Stool, A Low Stool, The Stool Of Repentance, A Seat Formerly Set Apart In Presbyterian Churches In Scotland, On Which Offenders Against Chastity Were Exhibited Before The Congregation And Submitted To The Minister's Rebukes Before They Were Readmitted To Church Privi Leges. Ciivier, Georges Chretien Leopold Dagobert, Baron (kii ...
Cyprus
Cyprus, An Island Lying On The S. Of Asia Minor, And The Most Easterly In The Mediterranean. Its Greatest Length Is 145 Miles, Maximum Breadth About 60 Miles; Area, 3,584 Square Miles. The Chief Features Of Its Surface Are Two Mountain Ranges, Both Stretching E. And W., The One Running ...
Dahomey
Dahomey (native Name Of The People, Dauma Or Dahomey, A Colony Of French West Africa Between Laeos (british) And Togoland And Extending Northward To The French Military Terri Tories. The Long Lagoon Which, Shut In From The Ocean By A Protecting Bank Of Sand, Affords An Easy Route Along Nearly ...
Dairy
Dairy, The Department Of A Farm Which Is Concerned With The Production Of Milk And Its Manufacture Into Butter And Cheese. As A Rule, The Soil And Climate Of A Country, And The Nearness Of Suitable Markets, Determine In A Great Measure The Choice Between Tillage And Dairy Hus Bandry. ...
Dallas
Dallas, A City And County-seat Of Dallas Co., Tex.; On The Trinity River, And The Gulf, Colorado And Santa Fe, The Houston And Texas Central, The Mis Souri, Kansas And Texas, The Texas And Pacific, Chicago, Rock Island And Gulf, The St. Louis Southwestern, The St. Louis And San Francisco, ...
Dalmatia
Dalmatia (dal-mashiya), A Former Province Of Austria, With The Title Of Kingdom, The Most S. Portion Of The For Mer Austrian Dominions. It Consists Of A Long Narrow Triangular Tract Of Moun Tainous Country And A Number Of Large Islands Along The N. E. Coast Of The Adri Atic Sea, ...
Damascus
Damascus, A Celebrated City, Formerly Capital Of The Turkish Vilayet Of Syria, Now Capital Of The Independent State Of Syria (q. V.). It Is Beautifully Situated On A Plain Which Is Covered With Gardens And Orchards And Watered By The Barrada. The Appearance Of The City, As It First Opens ...
Dancing
Dancing, A Form Of Exercise Or Amusement In Which One Or More Persons Make A Series Of Graceful Movements In Measured Steps In Accord With Music. Aristotle Ranked Dancing With Poetry And Pindar Applies The Name Of "the Dancer" Even To Apollo. Dancing Corresponds To A Universal Primitive Instinct In ...
Danube
Danube, A Celebrated River Of Eu Rope, Originates In Two Small Streams Rising In The Schwarzwald, Or Black Forest, In Baden, And Uniting At Donaueschingen. The Direct Distance From Source To Mouth Of The Danube Is About 1,000 Miles, And Its Total Length, Including Windings, About Miles. From Its Source ...
Dardanelles
Dardanelles (dar-da-nelz'), (the Ancient Hellespont), A Narrow Channel Separating Europe From Asia, And Unit Ing The Sea Of Marmora With The Arch Ipelago. The Name Is Derived From The Ancient City Of Dardanus In The Troad, On The S. Shore; And Dardanus Was Named From The Dardani, An Ancient People ...
Darwinian Theory
Darwinian Theory, The Explana Tion Of The Working Of Natural Selection In Effecting Specific Changes In Plants And Animals. "darwinism" Must Not Be Con Fused With "evolution." Darwinism Is Restricted To One Particular Interpretation Of The Mechanism Of The Universe, And Is Essentially Stated In Darwin's Great Work, "the Origin ...
Date Palm
Date Palm, A Genus Of Palms, The Most Important Species Of Which Is The Common Date Palm, The Palm Tree Of Scripture (phmnix Clactyldf Era), A Native Of The N. Half Of Africa, The S. W. Of Asia, And Some Parts Of India. Some Parts Of China Produce Large Crops. ...
Davenport
Davenport, A City And County-seat Of Scott Co., Ia.; On The Mississippi River And The Rock Island, The Chicago, Mil Waukee And St. Paul, The Burlington And Northern, The Davenport, Rock Island And Northwestern, And Other Railroads, And The Hennepin Canal ; 183 Miles S. W. Of Chicago. It Is ...
Daylight Saving
Daylight Saving. The Benefits To Be Derived From A Change In The Hours Of General Activity, Having For Its Object More Daylight Leisure And The Lessening Of Work Performed By Artificial Light, Had Long Been A Subject Of Theory Before The World War. Germany And Austria Were The First To ...
Dayton
Dayton, A City And County-seat Of Montgomery Co., O.; On The Great Miami River At The Mouth Of The Mad River; The Miami Canal, And The Erie, The Chicago, Cleveland, Cincinnati And St. Louis, The Chicago And St. Louis, And Other Rail Roads; 60 Miles N. E. Of Cincinnati. Business ...
Daytona
Daytona, A City Of Florida, In Volusia Co. It Is On The Atlantic Ocean, The Halifax River, The Jacksonville-mi Ami Canal, And The Florida East Coast Railroad. It Is Also On The Line Of The Florida Coastal Island Navigation Com Pany. In Recent Years It Has Become A Popular Summer ...
Dead Sea
Dead Sea, The Usual Name, Dating From The Time Of Jerome, For A Most Re Markable Lake In The S. E. Of Palestine, Called In The Old Testament The Salt Sea, Sea Of The Plain, Or East Sea; By Josephus, Lacus Asphaltites; And By The Arabs Now, Bahr-lut, "sea Of ...
Death
Death, The Cessation Of Life; The State Of Any Being, Animal, Or Plant, In Which The Vital Functions Have Totally And Permanently Ceased To Act. Every Blow We Strike, Every Thought We Think, Is Accompanied By The Death And Disintegra Tion Of A Certain Amount Of Muscular Or Nervous Fiber ...
Debt
Debt, That Which Is Due From One Person To Another; That Which One Per Son Is Bound To Pay Or Perform To An Other; Due; Obligation; Liability. That Which Any One Is Obliged To Do Or To Suffer. Debt In Law Is A Species Of Contract Whereby A Chose In ...
Debtor
Debtor. In Ancient Times A Debtor Who Could Not Pay Became, With His Family And His Personal Servants, The Property Of The Creditor. In Jewish Times Children Were Often Given Up As Pledges For Debt, And Finally Handed Over To Slavery In Payment Of Debt. Jesus Speaks Of This, In ...
Decimal Fraction
Decimal Fraction, A Fraction Whose Denominator Is A Decimal Or 1234 Power Of 10. Thus — Is A Decimal 100 Fraction. It May Be Decomposed Into The Sum 1000 200 30 4 —— — — 100 100 100 100 3 4=10 + 2 + — 10 100by An Obvious Extension ...
Decorative Art
Decorative Art, That Form Of Art That Has For Its Purpose The Appropriate Adornment Of Some Utilitarian Object, Thereby Adding To Its Beauty, But Not To Its Usefulness. It Differs From The Painter's Art By Being Subordinate To The Article To Which It Is Applied. It May Be Divided Into ...
Deed
Deed, An Instrument In Writing Or In Print, Or Partly In Each, Comprehending The Term Of A Contract Or Agreement, And The Evidence Of Its Due Execution Be Tween Parties Legally Capable Of Entering Into A Contract Or Agreement. In The United States, The Formalities Required For The Transfer Of ...
Deer
Deer, A Family Of The Ruminants Dis Tinguished Chiefly By The Nature Of The Horns Or Antlers, Which, With The Single Exception Of The Reindeer, Are Borne By The Males Only. They Are Bony Through Out, Are Annually Shed And Reproduced At The Breeding Season Increasing Each Time In Size ...
Deformities
Deformities, Variations In The Form Of The Body As A Whole, Or In One Or More Of Its Parts, Constituting A Depar Ture From The Normal Conditions Of Struc Ture, And Usually Implying A Correspond Ing Divergence From Natural And Healthy Functions. They May Be Divided Into Three Groups, With ...
Degree
Degree, The 360th Part Of The Cir Cumference Of A Circle. A Degree Of Latitude Is The Length Along A Meri Dian, Such That The Difference Of Lati Tude Between Its N. And S. Ends Is One Degree—i. E., From The Two Positions The Altitude Of The Same Star Is ...
Delagoa Bay
Delagoa Bay (del-a-go'd), In Southeast Africa, A Large Sheet Of Water Separated From The Indian Ocean By The Peninsula And Island Of Inyack. The Bay Stretches N. And S. Upward Of 40 Miles, With A Breadth Of From 16 To 20 Miles, And Forms The Southern Extremity Of The Portuguese ...
Delaware
Delaware, A State In The South Atlantic Division Of The North American Union; Bounded By Pennsylvania, Dela Ware River And Bay, The Atlantic Ocean, And Maryland; Area, 2,050 Square Miles; One Of The Original 13 States; Number Of Counties, 3; Pop. (1890) 168,493; (1900) 184,735; (1910) 202,322; (1920) 223,003; Capital, ...
Delhi
Delhi (del'i), A City Of Hindustan, In The Punjab, Anciently Capital Of The Patan And Mogul Empires, About 954 Miles N. W. Of Calcutta. It Was At One Time The Largest City In Hindustan, Cover Ing A Space Of 20 Square Miles, And Hav Ing A Population Of 2,000,000. A ...
Democratic Party
Democratic Party, One Of The Two Chief Divisions Into Which The Voters Of The United States Are Politically As Sociated, First Opposed To The Whigs, Then To The Republicans. The Complete Evolution Of The Demo Cratic Party May Be Said To Date From The Accession Of Andrew Jackson To The ...
Demonology
Demonology, The Doctrine That Re Lates To Demons, A Body Of Spiritual Be Ings Inferior In Rank To Deities Proper, But Yet Capable Of Influencing Human Affairs. The Earlier And More Widely Spread Conception Of The Demon Was Merely That Of A More Or Less Powerful And Intermediate Agent Between ...
Demosthenes
Demosthenes (de-mos'the-nez), An Illustrious Orator Of Ancient Greece, Born In 383 Or 384 B. C. In 359, To Assist In His Own Support, He Began Pre Paring Speeches To Be Used In Public Suits. In 351 He Began A Long And Mem Orable Conflict Against Philip The Mace Donian. His ...
Denmark
Denmark, A Kingdom In Northern Europe, Consisting Of A Peninsular Por Tion Called Jutland, And An Extensive Ar Chipelago Lying E. Of It And Comprising The Islands Of Seeland (or Sjalland), Funen (or Fyen), Laaland (or Lolland), Falster, Langeland, Moen, Samso, Laso, Arro, Bornholm, And Many Smaller Ones. Besides These ...
Denver
Denver, The Capital Of Colorado, The County-seat Of Denver Co. It Is At The Junction Of The South Platte River And Cherry Creek, And On The Santa Fe, The Colorado And Southern, The Burlington, The Denver And Salt Lake, The Rock Island, And The Union Pacific Railroads. Denver Is The ...
Des Moines
Des Moines, A City, Capital Of The State Of Iowa, And County-seat Of Polk Co.; At The Junction Of The Des Moines And Raccoon Rivers, And On The Rock Island, The Northwestern, The Burling Ton Route, The Chicago, Milwaukee And St. Paul, And Several Other Railroads. It Is Built On ...
Desert
Desert, A Term Generally Used To Designate An Uninhabited Place Or Soli Tude. In This Sense It Is Equally Appli Cable To The Fertile Plains Watered By The Marafion, And To The Wastes Of Libya; But It Is Applied More Particularly To The Vast Sandy And Stony Plains Of Africa ...
Detroit
Detroit, The Largest City Of Michi Gan, And The County-seat Of Wayne Co. It Is On The Detroit River, Along Which It Extends For About 12 Miles. It Is Also On The Shores Of Lake St. Clair. The City Has An Area Of About 94 Square Miles, And Is Beautifully ...
Devonian System
Devonian System, A Name In Geology Originally Given To The Rocks Of Devonshire And Cornwall, England. This Name Was Proposed By Murchison And Sedgwick To Replace The More Character Istic And Older Term Of Old Red Sand Stone (a Fresh Water Deposit), Because The Slaty And Calciferous Strata In Devon ...
Diamantina
Diamantina (de-a-man-te'nb.), A Town In The Brazilian Province Of Minas A Diamond Crystallizes In The Cubic Or Monometric System, Its Common Form Being The Regular Octahedron Or A Modi Fication Of It. The Bases Are Often Curved And The General Form Of The Crys Tal Is More Or Less Rounded. ...
Diarrhea
Diarrhea, A Common Disease, Which Consists In An Increased Discharge From The Alimentary Canal, The Evacuations Be Ing But Little Affected, Except In Their As Suming A More Liquid Consistence. This Is Generally Preceded Or Accompanied By Flatulence And A Griping Pain In The Bowels, And Frequently By Nausea And ...
Dictionary
Dictionary (from The Latin Dictio, A Saying, Expression, Word), A Book Con Taining The Words, Or Subjects, Which It Treats, Arranged In Alphabetical Order. It May Be Either A Vocabulary, Or A Col Lection Of The Words In A Language, With Their Definitions, Or A Special Work On One Or ...
Didymium
Didymium, A Metallic Triad Element, Symbol Di"', Atomic Weight 144. It Occurs Along With Cerium And Lantha Num In The Mineral Cerite. It Is Sepa Rated From Cerium By Igniting The Oxa Late, And Treating The Resulting Oxides With Very Dilute Nitric Acid, Which Does Not Dissolve The Cerium Oxide. ...
Diesel Engine
Diesel Engine, A Special Type Of Internal Combustion Engine. The Prin Ciple On Which It Works Differs From That Of The Ordinary Gas Engine, In Which An Explosive Effect Is Produced By Drawing The Combustible Charge Into The Cylinder And Igniting Instantaneously. In The Diesel Engine, Air Is Drawn Into ...
Diet
Diet, A Course Of Eating And Drink Ing, Especially When Followed With Ref Erence To Hygienic Effect. The Ideal Diet Is That Which, Without Burdening The Viscera Uselessly, Furnishes All Neces Sary Nutritive Elements, With Due Con Sideration For Special Physiological Con Ditions In Any Given Case. No Single Substance ...
Digestion
Digestion, The Change Which Food Undergoes In Order To Prepare It For The Nutrition Of The Animal Frame. It Is Carried On In The Higher Animals In The Digestive System. In Some Of The Lowest Forms Of Animal Life (arncebx)which Have No Special Organs, Particles Of Food Are Drawn Into ...
Diphtheria
Diphtheria, A Contagious And (in Its Severe Forms) Malignant Disease, Caused By A Specific Bacillus And Gen Erally Characterized By The Formation Of A Fibrinous False Membrane In The Throat. Although Previously Observed, It Was First Clearly Described In 1826 By M. Breton Neap Of Tours Under The Name Of ...
Disciples Op Christ
Disciples Op Christ. A Denomi Nation Of Christians In The United States Commonly Known As The Christian Church, Or Church Of Christ, And Sometimes Called Campbellites. In September, 1809, Thomas Campbell, A Scotch Minister Of The Seceders' Branch Of The Presbyterian Church, Then Living In Western Penn Sylvania, Issued A ...
Disinfection
Disinfection, The Act Of Purifying From Infectious And Contagious Matter. Agents Which Can Destroy The Specific Poisons Of Infectious Diseases And Pre Verrt Them From Spreading Are Called Disinfectants. The Action Of Disinfect Ants Is Therefore Analogous To That Of Antiseptics, And Conists Of The Destruction Of Low Forms Of ...
Diving Apparatus
Diving Apparatus, Contrivances By Means Of Which Divers Are Enabled To Remain A Considerable Time Under Water. As The Most Skilled Divers Are Unable To Remain Under Water More Than Two Or Three Minutes Without Artificial Respiration, Means Have Been Devised By Hermetically Sealed Helmets, Diving Bells, And Diving Dresses, ...
Divisibility
Divisibility, That General Property Of Bodies By Which Their Parts Or Component Particles Are Capable Of Sep Aration. Numerous Examples Of The Division Of Matter, To A Degree Almost Exceeding Belief, May Be Easily In Stanced. Thus Glass Test-plates For Mi Croscopes Have Been Ruled So Fine As To Have ...
Divorce
Divorce, The Disruption, By The Act Of Law, Of The Conjugal Tie Made By A Competent Court On Due Cause Shown. In The United States, Jurisdiction In Di Vorce Cases Is Usually Conferred On The Law Courts By The Statutes In The Differ Ent States, There Being No Ecclesiastical Courts ...
Dock
Dock, An Inclosure For The Accommo Dation Of Shipping. Docks May Be Divided Into Two Principal Classes, Viz., Wet Docks And Dry Docks (or Graving Docks). Wet Docks Are Used Almost Exclusively For Purposes Of Marine Commerce. Where The Range Of Tide Is More Than 10 To 12 Feet, Docked ...
Doctor
Doctor, Properly, A Teacher Or In Structor; One So Skilled In Some Particu Lar Art Or Science As To Be Able To Commu Nicate To Others. It Is Generally Believed To Have Been First Adopted As A Distinc Tive Title In The 12th Century, And To Have Originated With The ...
Dog Days
Dog Days, The Name Applied By The Ancients To A Period Of About 40 Days, The Hottest Season Of The Year, At The Time Of The Heliacal Rising Of Sirius, The Dog-star. The Time Of The Rising Is Now, Owing To The Precession Of The Equinoxes, Different From What It ...
Domestic Architecture
Domestic Architecture, A Branch Of The Building Art Which Has Special Reference To Houses, Villas, And Edifices Designed Primarily For Dwelling Purposes. Ancient Greek And Roinan.—in Gen Eral All The Rooms Were Grouped On The Ground Floor, Round An Atrium Or Court, And A Peristyle Or Hall, Which Two Por ...
Domestic Service
Domestic Service. Work Done In The House By Servants Hired To Per Form Duties Assigned To Them. It Is Gen Erally Held To Include Cooks, House Keepers, Waiting-maids, Butlers, Chauf Feurs, Nurses, Etc. The Earliest Servants In The United States Were The Negro Slaves And Those Who Paid For Their ...
Dominica
Dominica, The Largest And Extreme S. British Island In The Leeward Group Of The Lesser Antilles; Midway Between The French Islands Of Martinique And Guadeloupe; Area, 291 Square Miles; Pop. About 37,000, Mostly Negro. The Caribs Have Become So Intermixed With The Negroes That The Pure Carib, The "franc Caribs," ...
Dominican 1
Dominican. (1) One Of A Religious Order Called In Some Places Prxdicantes Or Preaching Friars, And In France Jaco Bins, From Their First Convent In Paris Being In The Rue St. Jacobin. They Took Their Ordinary Name From Their Founder, Dominic De Guzman (afterward Canon Ized Under The Name Of ...
Doria
Doria, One Of The Most Powerful Families Of Genoa, Became Distinguished About The Beginning Of The 12th Century, And Shared With Three Other Leading Families, The Fieschi, Grimaldi, And Spinola, The Early Government Of The Republic. Among The Older Heroes Of This Family Are Oberto Doria, Who In 1284 Commanded ...
Doric Order
Doric Order., In Architecture, The Second Of The Five Orders, Being That Be Tween The Tuscan And Ionic. Grecian Doric.—the Earliest And Most Simple Form Of Columnar Edifice. The Doric Column Was First Adapted To Edi Fices Having The Proportions, Strength, And Beauty Of The Body Of A Man. A ...
Double Stars
Double Stars And Multiple Stars, Stars Which Appear Single To The Naked Eye, But In The Telescope Are Re Solved Into Two Or More Close Together. There Is No Limit To The Distance Be Tween These, But Those Whose Components Are More Than 15" Or 20" Apart Are Not Generally ...
Dove
Dove, The English Appellation Of The Genus Columbus, Or Columba. Thus The Stock-dove Is Columbus Or Columba Terms, The Ring-dove C. Palumbus, The Rock-dove C. Livia, And The Turtle-dove C. Turtur. No Very Clear Distinction Is Drawn Be Tween The Words Dove And Pigeon, Thus C. Livia Is Often Called ...
Dover
Dover. A City, Capital Of The State Of Delaware, And County-seat Of Kent Co.; On Jones Creek, And The Philadelphia, Washington, And Baltimore Railroad, 75 Miles S. Of Philadelphia. It Is The Seat Of Wilmington Conference Academy And Has A Handsome Monument Erected To The Memory Of Csar Rodney, One ...
Drainage
Drainage, A Process By Which Wet And Unhealthy Soils Are Rendered Arable And Healthy. Benefits Of Drainage.-1. Removal Of Superfluous Water. Not Only Is The Standing Water At The Surface Carried Off, But The Water-table Is Lowered, In Creasing The Depth Of Soil. 2. Improves Soil Texture. Drained Soils Are ...
Drama I
Drama (i Act), A Class Of Writings Which Almost Entirely Consist Of Dia Logue, Persons Being Represented As Act Ing And Speaking, And The Pieces Being Usually Intended To Be Acted On A Stage By Parties Assuming The Characters Of The Respective Persons. Its Two Great Branches Are Tragedy And ...
Drawing
Drawing, The Art Of Representing Upon A Flat Surface The Forms Of Objects, And Their Positions And Relations To Each Other. The Idea Of Nearness Or Distance Is Given By The Aid Of Perspective, Fore Shortening, And Graduation. The Term Drawing, In Its Strict Sense, Is Only Ap Plicable To ...
Dreams
Dreams, Subjective Phenomena De Pendent On Natural Causes, Or Trains Of Ideas Which Present Themselves To The Mind During Sleep. The Principal Fea Ture Of The State Of Dreaming Is The Ab Sence Of Voluntary Control Over The Cur Rent Of Thought, So That The Principle Of Suggestion Has Unlimited ...
Drebbel
Drebbel (dreb'bel), Cornelius, A Dutch Philosopher; Born In Alkmaar, Netherlands, In 1572. He Invented The Suez Canal Was Excavated By Means Of A Ladder Dredge With A Long Chute And Supporting Girder. The Material Exca Vated Was Carried In Boxes On A Sort Of Tramway And Tipped Out On The ...
Dresden
Dresden (drez'den), The Capital Of Saxony, Formerly A Kingdom, But Now A State In The German Republic; Situated In A Beautiful Valley On Both Sides Of The River Elbe. It Is First Mentioned In His Tory In 1206, Was Greatly Extended And Green Vault) A Valuable Collection Of Curiosities, Jewels, ...
Drowning
Drowning, Death By Suffocation, Owing To The Mouth And Nostrils Being Immersed In A Liquid. Complete Insensi Bility Arises In From One To Two Minutes After Submersion, Recovery Being Still Possible; Death Occurs In From Two To Five Minutes. As Long As The Heart Continues To Beat, Recovery Is Possible; ...
Drug Addiction
Drug Addiction. Drugs Result Ing In Formation Of Habits Are Numerous, But The Main Ones Are Usually Morphine And Other Products Of Opium, Cocaine, And Alcohol. The Latter Is Rarely In Cluded Under This Head. The Practice Of Injecting Drugs Did Not Come Into Use In Europe Until After The ...
Drum
Drum, A Musical Instrument Formed By Stretching Parchment Over The Heads Of A Cylinder Of Wood Or Over A Bowl Shaped Metallic Vessel. The Skin Of The Ass Is A Very Superior Article For The Pur Pose. There Are Three Kinds Of Drums: (1) The Long Drum Or Bass Drum ...
Druze Drus E
Drus E, Druze, Deruz, Or Dorouz, A Politico-religious Sect Of Mohammedan Origin, But Deemed By Orthodox Moslems Heretical. El-hakim Biamr-allah, The Sixth Fatimite Caliph Of Egypt, A Cruel And Fanatical Man, Who Lived In The 11th Century, Proclaimed Himself An Incarnation Of God, And Estab Lished A Secret Society. When ...
Duel
Duel, A Premeditated And Prearranged Combat Between Two Persons With Deadly Weapons, For The Purpose Of Deciding Some Private Difference Or Quarrel. The Combat Generally Takes Place In The Pres Ence Of Witnesses, Called Seconds, Who Make Arrangements As To The Mode Of Lighting, Place The Weapons In The Hands ...
Dukla Pass
Dukla Pass, The Largest And Most Accessible Pass Through The Carpathian Mountains. Through This The Austrians Conducted Their Main Operations Against The Russians In The Southernmost Part Of The Eastern Front, During The First Six Months Of The World War. On Dec. 25, 1914, The Russians Began A Strong Offensive ...
Duluth
Duluth, A City, Port Of Entry, And County-seat Of St. Louis Co., Minn.; At The Head Of Lake Superior And The Mouth Of The St. Louis River. It Is The Terminus Of Several Important Railway Systems, Including The Northern Pacific, The Chi Cago And Northwestern, And The Great Northern. It ...
Dumas
Dumas (dii-ma'), Alexandre, The Elder, A Celebrated French Romancist And Dramatist; Born In Villers-cotterets, Aisne, July 24, 1802. He Was Grandson Of A French Marquis And A San Domin Go Negress. In 1823 He Went To Paris And Obtained An Assistant-secretaryship From The Duke Of Orleans, Afterward Louis Philippe. In ...
Dwina
Dwina (dwe'nh), The Name Of Two Important Rivers Of Europe. (1) The Northern Dwina Has Its Origin In The Confluence Of The Suchona And The Jug, Two Streams Rising In The S. Of The Gov Ernment Of Vologda, And Uniting In 60° 46' N. Lat., 46° 20' E. Ion. The ...
Dyeing
Dyeing, The Art Of Imparting Colors To Textile And Other Material, Such As Cotton, Silk, Wool, And Leather. Dyeing Has Been Practiced From Time Immemo Rial. Dyeing With Colors Obtained From Natural Products Had Reached A High State Of Perfection When Perkin, In 1856, Introduced The First Of The Coal-tar ...
Dynamite
Dynamite, An Explosive Produced By The Admixture Of Nitroglycerin With A Siliceous Infusorial Earth Known Under The German Name As Kieselguhr. Nitro Glycerin, Which Can Be Prepared In Small Quantities By Dropping Glycerine Into A Mixture Of Strong Nitric And Sulphuric Acids, The Temperature Being Kept As Low As Possible, ...