ENGINEERING, the branch of science dealing with the design, construction and operation of various machines, struc tures, and engines used in the arts, trades, and everyday life. Engineering is divided into many branches, the most important being civil, mechanical, elec trical, mining, military, marine, and san itary engineering.
Civil Engineering is the most exten sive and embraces the arts of architec ture, surveying, bridge, railroad, harbor, and canal construction, and the building trades.
Mechanical Engineering comprises the design, construction, and operation of machinery, the design of manufacturing plants, and all branches of industrial production.
Electrical Engineering is a branch of mechanical engineering and includes the application of electricity to mechanical and industrial pursuits, as derived from some other source of energy.
Mining Engineering is a combination of the three preceding branches as ap plied to the discovery and operation of mines, the building of mineral working plants, and treatment of ores.
Military Engineering deals entirely with the arts of war, the design, con struction and maintenance of fortifica tions, machines of defense and attack, ordnance, and the surveying of country in preparation for military operations.
Marine Engineering is partly military and partly civil, embracing naval archi tecture, building and operating of ships and naval accessories. In the military
sense, it comprises the construction of war vessels and the construction and plac ing of torpedoes, submarine mines, etc.
Sanitary Engineering ccnsists of the construction of sewers and drains, pro viding for the cleaning of city streets and the disposal of garbage and sewage, reclaiming of swamps, and overcoming of all sources tending to interfere with public health.
The education and training of the en gineer in modern times have called for the establishment of technical schools and courses in engineering in the large colleges and universities. These schools provide the student with the theories of mathematics, mechanics, and engineer ing, and by means of extensive labora tory and outside work provide him with practice in the design, construction, and use of modern engineering appliances. Among the most noted technical scjiools are the University of Glasgow, Ecole Polytechnique, in Paris; Stevens Insti tute of Technology, in Hoboken, N. J.; the Massachusetts Institute of Technol ogy, in Boston ; and Cornell and Colum bia Universities.