MOTONO, ICHIRO, BARON, Japa nese statesman; born in the ken of Saga in 1862, he was sent as a student to this size is exceeded, the craft becomes a motor yacht, barge, or tug, or whatever else its type may determine.
About 1885, before the successful adaptation of the internal combustion to boating, various types of expansion en gines, such as the Daimler, were run by naphtha and alcohol vapor, and were, as a class, known as naphtha engines. The action of these engines was similar to a steam engine in that expansion, rather than the explosion of the vapor, was util ized. The liquid was heated by a flame under a boiler, and generated into a vapor which was piped to the engine. This type of power plant wag lighter in weight, cleaner, and easier to operate than steam, and lighter and more reliable than the then existing internal-combus tion engines. Boats in which power was furnished to an electric motor by storage batteries were operated as a novelty at the Chicago World's Fair, and a line of small passenger-boats with this equip ment N'ean to operate on Irondequoit Bay, near Rochester, New York, about 1893, and continued to do so for years, with complete technical and commercial success. However, the perfection and adaption of the internal-combustion en gine with its many advantages has forced both the electric motor and the naphtha engine into almost complete dis use as a type of power for motor boats.
The advantages of the internal-corn the multiplane, the bottom of which is a series of small lifting planes and steps; the monoplane, which has a flat bottom and no step; and the biplane, which has a single and two planes. The best shape and the number of planes is a subject of experimentation and contro versy.
The speed attained by many of these boats is remarkable. The record made at
bustion engine are: its comparatively small weight per horse power, its sim plicity, reliability, small size, and the fact that it can be readily installed in almost any part of a boat.
In its commercial application, the motor boat has taken the place of the cumbersome steam engine and the un reliable sail for small passenger and freight service, for fishing, towing, lob stering, and oyster dredging.
In the early days of the motor boat, more attention was paid to the means of propulsion than to the lines of the boat itself, and the boats resembled yachts, rowboats, or even ocean liners, but re cent years have seen the development of a new branch of naval architecture which has created a small boat which is dry, seaworthy, graceful, and has small resistance to the water. In the pleasure boat field, the development of design has been in three distinct fields— the open boat, the cruiser, and the speed boat.
The early tendency in designing a speed boat was to create a long, narrow, high-powered displacement craft, but of late years this type of craft has been superseded by the hydroplane, a boat which glides over the water rather than through it. Successful experiments with boats of this type date back as far as 1897, when de Lambert operated his steam-powered glider. Peter Cooper Hewitt, W. H. Fauber, Americans, and Enrico Forlanini, Italian, were largely instrumental in the modern hydroplane, There are various types of hydroplanes— Lake George, New York, in 1917 by the "Whip-poor-will, Jr.," of an average of 69.38 miles per hour for six one-hour trials stood for a long time.