NUREMBERG, a city in the Bavarian province of Middle Franconia, Germany; on the Pegnitz river; 95 miles N. by W. of Munich. It is the quaintest and most interesting town of Germany, on account of the wealth of its medieval architec ture. The Burg or royal palace, built (1024-1158) by Conrad II. and Fred erick Barbarossa, is rich in paintings and wood-carvings. Among eight fine churches the two finest are St. Lawrence (1274-1477), with two noble towers 233 feet high, exquisite stained glass, the famous stone tabernacle (1495-1500) by Adam Krafft, and the wood-carvings of Veit Stoss; and St. Sebald's (1225-1377), with the superb shrine of Peter Vischer. Other noteworthy objects are the Italian Renaissance town hall (1622) ; the new law courts (1877) • the gymnasium, founded by Melanchthon (1526) ; the Germanic museum (1852) ; Albert Dii rer's house; and the statues of him, Hans Sachs, and Melanchthon, with the "Victoria" or Soldiers' monument (1876). Nuremberg wares include specialties of metal, wood, and bone carvings, and dolls, and about 200 factories produce chemicals, ultramarine, type, lead-pen cils, beer, etc., and the town besides does a vast export trade in hops.
First heard of in 1050, Nuremberg was raised to the rank of a free imperial city by Frederick II. in 1219. In 1417
the Hohenzollerns sold all their rights to the magistracy. This put an end to the feuds which had hitherto raged be tween the burgrave and the municipal ity; and Nuremberg for a time became the chief home in Germany of the arts and of inventions—watches or "Nurem berg eggs," air-guns, globes, etc. In consequence of disputes in the latter part of the 18th century with Prussia, it en tered into the Rhenish Confederation, and in 1806 was transferred to Bavaria. Pop. (1916) 330,142.
NUT, the name popularly given to the roundish fruit of certain trees and shrubs, consisting of a hard shell in closing a kernel; as, a walnut, a cocoa nut, a hazelnut, etc. In the United States, as in England, the name nut, without distinctive prefix, is commonly given to the hazelnut, but in France to the walnut. In mechanism, a short in ternal screw, which acts in the head of an external screw. and is employed to fasten anything that may become be tween it and a flange on the bottom of the external screw or bolt. A piece of metal with a cylindrical grooved hole, screwed upon the end of a screw bolt. In nautics, a projecting nozzle on each side of the shank of an anchor, to hold the stock firmly in its place.