Peru
Peru, A Maritime Republic Of South America, Bounded On The N. By Ecuador, On The W. By The Pacific, On The S. And S. E. By Bolivia And Chile, And On The E. By Brazil; Area, 695,720 Square Miles; Pop. (1910) 4,500,000; (1920) 5,000,000; Capital, Lima. Topography.—the General Outline Re ...
Peter
Peter, The Greek Surname Of An Apostle Of Jesus. It Is The Rendering Of The East Aramaean Kepha, A Corruption Or Derivation From Heb. Keph=a Rock, And Was Given By Jesus (john I: 40-42). Peter's Real Name Was Simon (matt. X: 2; Luke Iv: 38, V: 3, 5, Etc.), His ...
Peterborough
Peterborough, A City Partly In Huntingdonshire, But Chiefly In North Amptonshire, England, The Latter Por Tion Being On The Left Or N. Bank Of The Nen River, At The Edge Of The Fen Coun Try, 76 Miles N. Of London. Here, At Medeshamstede, In 655, The Mercian Thane Saxulf Founded ...
Peterhead
Peterhead, A Seaport And Burgh Of Barony Of Buchan, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, On A Peninsula, 32 Miles N. N. E. Of Aberdeen. Founded In 1593, It Is Somewhat Irregular In Plan, But Clean And Largely Built Of The Celebrated "peterhead Granite," Whose Reddish Va Riety Is So Much Used For Monumental ...
Petroleum
Petroleum, A Natural Oil Found In The Earth, Composed Mainly Of Hydro Carbons. Its Existence Has Been Known Since Earliest Times, But It Was Found In Large Quantities Only Following Its Dis Covery In Pennsylvania In 1850. Since That Time There Has Been Rapid Develop Ment In Its Production. There ...
Philadelphia
Philadelphia, A City Coextensive With Philadelphia Co., Pa., On The Ware And Schuylkill Rivers, And On The Pennsylvania, Philadelphia And Reading, And The Baltimore And Ohio Railroads; 85 Miles S. W. Of New York. It Is The Third Largest City Of The United States; Area, 130 Square Miles; Pop. (1910) ...
Philip Ii
Philip Ii., Son Of The Emperor Charles V. And Elizabeth Of Portugal; Born In Valladolid, In 1527. Of A Cold And Gloomy Nature, He Was Educated By Ec Clesiastics, And His Reign Was Marked By A Crusade Against Political And Religious Freedom. He Married, In 1543, His Cousin Mary Of ...
Philippine Islands
Philippine Islands, A Group Of Islands, A Possession Of The United States, Forming A Part Of The Eastern Archipelago. They Extend Between Lat. 21° 10' And 4° 40' North, 116° 40' And 126° 34' East. The Total Length Is About 1150 Statute Miles, And The Width About 650 Miles. There ...
Philosophy
Philosophy, A Term Said By Diogenes Laertius To Have Been Suggested By Pythagoras, Who, On Being Compli Mented On His Wisdom, Said That He Was Not Wise, But A Lover Of Wisdom (philos Sophia), The Deity Alone Being Wise. Philosophy, While Earnest In Amassing Knowledge, Aimed Chiefly At Penetrating To ...
Phonograph
Phonograph, An Instrument For Recording And Reproducing Sound. The Instrument In Its Present Stage Of Per Fection Has Been Evolved Through Ex Tended Laboratory Work From The First Principles That Were Demonstrated By A Device Invented In 1855 By Leon Scott. In Scott's Instrument Sound Was Collected By An Ellipsoidal ...
Photography
Photography, The Art Of Produc Ing Permanent Pictures By Means Of The Chemical Action Of Light On Sensitized Sur Faces. The First To Produce Permanent Pictures By The Chemical Influence Of Light Was M. Niepce At Chalais-sur-mer, In 1814, And His Idea Of The Development Of A Latent Image By ...
Phototherapy
Phototherapy, The Application Of Light Rays To The Treatment Of Such Dis Eases As Tubercular Glands, Eczema, Can Cerous Growths, Lupus Epithelioma, And Acme Vulgaris. In The Decomposition Of Sunlight Or Artificial White Light, It Has Been Found That Different Rays Have Different Quali Ties, Some Being Calorific, Or Heat-produc ...
Physical Education
Physical Education, By Physical Education Or Physical Training Is Meant That Part Of Education Which Deals With The Physical Activities Of Mankind. It Includes In Its Scope Gymnastics, Drill, Athletic Games And Outdoor Sports As These Are Used To Develop The Sound Body. Nowadays We Are Returning To The Greek ...
Physiology
Physiology, The Science Which Treats Of The Processes Which Go On In The Bodies Of Living Beings Under Nor Mal Conditions, And Of The Use Of Their Various Parts Or Organs. It Is Divided Into Plant Physiology, Animal Physiology, And Human Physiology. One Of The Simplest Forms Of Animal Life ...
Picts
Picts, The Name By Which, For Five And A Half Centuries (a. D. 296-844), The People That Inhabited Eastern Scotland From The Forth To The Pentland Firth, Were Known. In The Irish Chronicles They Are Generally Styled Picti, Pictones, Pictores, Or Piccardaig, But Sometimes The Native Gaelic Name Of Cruthnig ...
Pinochle Pinocle
Pinocle, Pinochle, Or Pe Nuchle, A Game Of Cards Very Popular In The United States, Particularly Among German-americans. The Object Of The Game, Which May Be Joined In By Either Two, Three, Or Four Persons, Is To Secure 1,000 Points. The Game Is Played With Two Full Packs Of Cards, ...
Piquet
Piquet, A Game Of Cards Played Be Tween Two Persons With 32 Cards—viz. The Four Honors And The Highest Four Plain Cards Of Each Suit. The Cards Are Shuffled And Cut As In Whist, And Then Dealt, Two By Two, Till Each Player Has 12, And The Remaining Eight, Called ...
Pitcairn Island
Pitcairn Island, A Solitary Is Land In The Pacific Ocean, Between Aus Tralia And South America, In Lat. 25° 3' S. And Lon. 130° 8' W., Measures 21/2 Miles By 1 Mile. It Was Discovered By Carteret In 1767, And Was At That Time Uninhabited. In 1790 It Was Taken ...
Pitch
Pitch, A Term Applied To A Variety Of Resinous Substances Of A Dark Color And Brilliant Luster, Obtained From The Va Rious Kinds Of Tar Produced In The De Structive Distillation Of Wood, Coal, Etc. In Architecture, The Rise Or Versed Sine Of An Arch. In Carpentry, The Inclina Tion ...
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, A City, Port Of Entry, And County-seat Of Allegheny Co., Pa., At The Confluence Of The Monongahela And The Allegheny Rivers, At The Head Of The Ohio River, And On The Pennsylvania System, The Baltimore And Ohio, The New York Central, The Wabash, And Other Railroads; 353 Miles W. ...
Pius
Pius, The Name Of A Number Of Popes, As Follows: Pius I., Succeeded Hyginus In 142, And Died In 157. Pius Ii. (reneas Sylvani Piccolo Mini) ; Born In Tuscany In 1405, Of An Ancient And Illustrious Family. In 1431 He Assisted At The Council Of Basel As Secretary; Was ...
Plague
Plague, A Peculiarly Malignant Fever Of The Continued And Contagious Type, Now Believed To Be Almost Identi Cal With The Worst Kinds Of Typhus Fever. It Is Produced By The Absorption Of A Poison Generated By Decaying Animal Matter Combined With Heat, Moisture, And Bad Ventilation. At First There Is ...
Planet
Planet, A Heavenly Body Which, To Old-world Observers, Seemed To Wander About Aimlessly In The Sky, Thus Marked Ly Contrasting With The Orderly Move Ments Of The Fixed Stars. Subsequently It Was Discovered That The Seemingly Er Ratic Bodies Were As Regular In Their Movements As The Others, Revolving, Like ...
Planetoids
Planetoids, The Name Given To A Great Group Of Minute Planets Placed To Gether Between Mars And Jupiter. Professor Titius, Of Wittenberg, Having Drawn Attention In 1772 To The Fact That, With The Exception Of Jupiter, Each Planet Has An Orbit Just About Double That Near Est To It On ...
Plant Breeding
Plant Breeding, The Science Of Producing New Or Improved Species Of Plants By A Process Of Crossing Or Selec Tion. The Tendency Of All Plants Is To Reproduce Plants Possessing All Their Own Characteristics, But Changes And Improve Ments Are Brought About By Various Methods. The Simplest Method Of The ...
Plato
Plato, A Greek Philosopher; Born In Athens, Or In )egina, In May, 429 B. C. He Was Son Of Ariston And Perictione, And Was Named Aristocles. The Name Plato Was Afterward Applied To Him In Allusion To His Broad Brow, Broad Chest, Or Fluent Speech. Endowed With An Im Aginative ...
Plattsburg Training Camps
Plattsburg Training Camps, United States Military Barracks, Estab Lished In 1838 And Having A Reservation Of Over 700 Acres On The W. Side Of Lake Champlain, S. Of Plattsburg, N. Y., On The Delaware And Hudson Railroad. The Barracks Are Among The Largest In The United States, And Is Usually ...
Playgrounds And Recrea Tion
Playgrounds And Recrea Tion Centers. The First Two Dec Ades Of The Twentieth Century Witnessed An Increased Interest In The Welfare Of Children On The Part Of The Amer Ican Public. Legislation Prohibiting Child Labor And Restricting The Hours Of Labor For Young Persons Between The Ages Of 15 And ...
Plumbing
Plumbing, The Name Applied To The System Of Pipes, Valves, Fittings And Fix Tures Installed In Buildings Which Supply Water And Remove Human Excrement And Liquid Wastes. Heating Systems And Fuel Piping Are Not In The Strictest Sense Con Sidered Plumbing. The Earliest Pipes Were Made Of Lead, But In ...
Plymouth
Plymouth, A Seaport, Municipal And Parliamentary Borough Of England, In Devonshire, At The Head Of Plymouth Sound, Between The Estuaries Of The Plym And Tamar. Taken In Its Largest Sense, It Comprehends What Are Called The "three Towns," Or Devonport On The W., Stonehouse In The Center, And Plymouth Proper ...
Pneumatic Tools
Pneumatic Tools, A Class Of Tools Which Operate By Compressed Air. They Are Usually Portable, And Used For Metal, Wood Or Stone Work. The Tools Are Of Great Variety And Are Put To Many Uses, But All Of Them Are One Of Two Types— Percussion Or Rotary. In Both Types ...
Poetry
Poetry, That One Of The Fine Arts Which Has For Its Object The Creation Of Intellectual Pleasure By The Use Of Imag Inative And Passionate Language, Which Is Generally, Though Not Necessarily, Formed In Regular Measure; The Art Of Producing Illusions Of The Imagination By Means Of Language. Also Poetical, ...
Poland
Poland, A Former Kingdom Situated In The N. E. Of Europe. It Was Bounded On The N. By The Baltic, S. By Wallachia, Moldavia And Hungary, W. By Germany, And E. By Russia, And Was The Most Level Country In Europe, The Carpathian Moun Tains On The S. And W., ...
Polarization
Polarization, The Act Of Polariz Ing Or Of Giving Polarity To, The State Of Being Polarized. In Galvanism, The Pro Duction Of A Secondary Current In A Gal Vanic Battery Contrary To The Principal One, Owing To The Gradual Chemical Change In The Elements Of The Battery. This Change Weakens ...
Polignac
Polignac, An Ancient French Family, Which Claims To Derive Its Name From A Castle—the Ancient Apolliniacum—in The Department Of Haute-loire, And Which Since The 9th Century Possessed The Dis Trict Of Velay. Among Its Most Famous Members Was Cardinal Melchior De Polignac (1661-1742), Who Received A Cardinal's Hat After Acting ...
Political Economy
Political Economy, The Science Which Investigates The Nature Of Wealth And The Laws Of Its Production And Dis Tribution, Including, Directly Or Remotely, The Operation Of All The Causes By Which The Condition Of Mankind, Or Of Any Society Of Human Beings, In Respect To This Universal Object Of Human ...
Political Science
Political Science, The Study Which Treats Of The Life, Organization, And Principles Of The State. Its Primary Purpose Is To Investigate And Trace The History Of The Various Political Institu Tions Of The State, Showing What Useful Purposes They Serve, The Interests Which Called Them Into Being, And Attempting To ...
Pollock
Pollock, An Illustrious Family De Scended From David Pollock, Saddler To George Iii. In Tne Later Part Of The 18th Century, Who Kept A Shop Near Charing Cross. Three Of His Sons Rose To Emi Nence—sir David Pollock, Chief Justice Of Bombay (died 1847) ; Sir Frederick Pollock; And Field-marshal ...
Polynesia
Polynesia, A General Name For A Number Of Distinct Archipelagoes Of Small Islands Scattered Over The Pacific Ocean, Extending From About Lat. 35° N. To 35° S., And From Lon. 135° E. To 100° W., The Philippines, New Guinea, Australia, And New Zealand Being Excluded. The Islands Are Distributed Into ...
Pompeii
Pompeii, A Seaport At The Mouth Of The Sarnus, On The Neapolitan Riviera, Founded About 600 B. C. By The Oscans, And After Them, Occupied By The Tyr Rheno-pelasgians, And By The Samnites, Till These, About 80 B. C., Were Dispos Sessed By The Romans. From That Time Down To ...
Pope
Pope, A Bishop Of The Christian Church; Specifically, The Bishop Of Rome. The Term Papa, Or Papas (father), Has Always Been Given By The Greek Church To Presbyters, Like The Term Father Now Applied To A Roman Priest. In The Early Centuries The Bishops Received The Same Title Till, In ...
Poppy
Poppy, A Genus Of Plants Of The Natural Order Papaveracew, Having A Calyx Of Two (or Rarely Three) Sepals, Which Very Soon Fall Off; A Corolla Of Four (rarely Six) Petals; Numerous Stamens Seated On A Receptacle; The Stigma Crowning The Ovary, Without A Style, And In The Form Of ...
Porcelain
Porcelain, A Fictile Material Inter Mediate Between Glass And Pottery, Be Ing Formed Of Two Substances, Fusible And Infusible, The Latter Enabling It To With Stand The Heat Necessary To Vitrify The Former, Thus Producing Its Peculiar Semi Translucency. The Infusible Material Is Alumina, Called Kaolin; The Fusible Sub Stance ...
Portland
Portland, A City, Port Of Entry, And County-seat Of Cumberland Co., Me.; On Casco Bay, And On The Boston And Maine, The Grand Trunk, The Portland And Rochester, The Maine Central, And Other Railroads; 105 Miles N. E. Of Boston. It Has Direct Steamboat Connections With Boston And New York, ...
Portland_2
Portland, A City, Port Of Entry, And County-seat Of Multnomah Co., Ore.; On The Willamette River, And On The North Ern Pacific, Southern Pacific, Great Northern, Chicago, Burlington And Quincy, Canadian Pacific, And The Chi Cago, Milwaukee And St. Paul Railroads; 12 Miles Above The Columbia River, 120 Miles From ...
Porto Rico
Porto Rico, The Most Easterly Of The Greater Antilles Islands Of The West Indies, A Territorial Possession Of The United States. It Has An Area Of 3,606 Square Miles. The Island Is Roughly Rectangular In Shape. It Is About 100 Miles In Length. The Coast Line Is About 360 Miles ...
Portsmouth
Portsmouth, The Principal Station Of The British Navy, A Seaport, Municipal And Parliamentary Borough Of England, In Hampshire, On The S. W. Extremity Of The Island Of Portsea. It Consists Of The Four Districts, Portsmouth Proper, Port Sea, Landport, And Southsea, Portsmouth Proper Is A Garrison Town. Portsea Is The ...
Post Impressionism
Post-impressionism, A Term Used To Designate The Development In Art That Succeeded Impressionism, A Movement In The Domain Particularly Of Painting And Sculpture, That Sought The Representation Of The Subjective Conception Of Nature Rather Than Nature Itself. In These New Theories The Depicting Of Light Plays An Important Part, And ...
Postage Stamps
Postage Stamps, A Term Employed To Indicate Not Really A Stamp Or Impres Sion, But A Printed Label Pasted On Pack Ages And Letters To Show That The Cost Of Carriage Has Been Already Paid. Such Stamps May Be Issued By The Govern Ment Or By Carrying Companies. The Term ...
Postal Savings Banks
Postal Savings-banks Have Been In Successful Operation For Several Years In Many Old World Countries, And Public Opinion Favoring Their Establishment In The United States, Has Grown Steadily Stronger. In The Presidential Campaign Of 1908 The Scheme Was Indorsed By All The Political Parties. It Had The Support Of Both ...
Postal Service
Postal Service, The Regulation Of Communication Between Different Parts Of A Country, Or Different Countries, In Cluding Especially The Forwarding And De Livering Of Letters, Newspapers And Small Packages, And The Establishment Of A Registry System For The Transfer Of Money And The Transaction Of Other Finan Cial Business. In ...
Pottery
Pottery, The Art Of Forming Vessels Or Utensils Of Any Sort In Clay. This Art Is Of High Antiquity, Being Practiced Among Various Races In Prehistoric Times. We Find Mention Of Earthenware In The Mosaic Writings. The Greeks Had Im Portant Potteries At Samos, Athens, And Corinth, And Attained Great ...
Prague
Prague, The Capital Of Bohemia, And Situated At The Base And On The Slope Of The Hills Which Skirt Both Sides Of The Isleted Moldau. It Offers A Highly Pic Turesque Appearance From The Beauty Of Its Site, And The Numerous Lofty Towers (more Than 70 In Number) Which Rise ...
Prayer
Prayer, A Universally Acknowledged Part Of The Worship Due To God; Not Merely Petition, But, According To The New Testament Models And Christian Usage, Praise, Adoration, Confession Of Sin, And Thankful Acknowledgment Of Mercies Received, Which Seems Almost Necessarily To Follow From A Belief In The Existence Of A God. ...
Precession Of The Equinoxes
Precession Of The Equinoxes, In Astronomy, The Going Forward Of The Equinoxes. The Arrival Of The Sun At The Point Aries A Little Earlier Than He Might Be Expected To Reach It Was First Observed By Hipparchus About 150 B. C. Depending, As The Phenomenon Does, For Its Explanation, On ...
Presbyterian Church
Presbyterian Church, A Name Applied To Those Christian Denominations, Who Hold That There Is No Order In The Church As Established By Christ And His Apostles Superior To That Of Presbyters (see Presbyter) , And Who Vest Church Government In Presbyteries, Constituted Of Ministers And Elders, Possessed Of Equal Powers ...
Prescott William Hickling
Prescott. William Hickling, An American Historian; Born In Boston, Mass., May 4, 1796. He Entered Har Vard Callege In 1811, And Graduated In 1814. While At College He Had The Mis Fortune To Lose, By An Accident, The Sight Of One Of His Eyes, While The Other Be Came Weakened. ...
President Of The United
President Of The United States, The Chief Executive Of The Gov Ernment. He Is Commander-in-chief Of The Army And Navy Of The Country, And Has The Nomination Of Most Of The Execu Tive Officers Of The Government, Besides A Large Number Of Judicial And Admin Istrative Functionaries. He Is Elected ...
Princeton University
Princeton University, An Edu Cational Institution In Princeton, N. J. It Was Founded Oct. 22, 1746, By A Charter Given Under The Seal Of The Prov Ince Of New Jersey, "for The Instruction Of Youth In The Learned Languages And In The Liberal Arts And Sciences." On Sept. 14, 1748, ...
Printing
Printing, The Art Of Producing Im Dressions From Characters Or Figures On Paper Or Any Other Substance. Printing From Movable Types Was, According To Professor Douglas, Probably Practiced In China As Early As The 12th Or 13th Cen Tury, As There Are Korean Books Printed From Movable Clay Or Wooden ...
Prison Reform
Prison Reform, The Growing Ten Dency To Regard The Imprisonment Of Criminals As A Preventative Measure, Rather Than As Punishment Inflicted By Society As Revenge. In England Prisons Were Largely Based On This Latter Theory, Until The Social Consciousness Was First Awakened By The Writings Of The Popular Novelist, Charles ...
Profit Sharing
Profit Sharing, A Feature Of The General Efforts Being Made To Reconcile The Interests Of Capital And Labor, Where By The Employees Of A Factory, Or Any Commercial Establishment, Are Given A Share Of The Net Profits Produced By The Business. Profit Sharing Was First Advo Cated By A Small ...
Progressive Party
Progressive Party, An Amer Ican Political Party That Figured Very Largely During The Presidential Election Of 1912. The Origin Of The Party Came From The Group Of Progressive Republican Senators And Congressmen Who Opposed President Taft's Attitude Toward The Tariff And The Conservation Of Natural Resources, Regarding His Position As ...
Prohibition
Prohibition, Legislation Forbidding The Manufacture Of And Trade In Alco Holic Liquors, Or Even, In Some Cases, Ren Dering The Private Possession Of Such Liquors Illegal. Though The Use Of Spir Ituous Liquors Is As Ancient As History, The Idea Of Checking Their Use By Legis Lation Is Of Comparatively ...
Protection
Protection, One Of The Theories Concerning The Best Development Of A Country's Industries By Means Of Taxes Levied For Other Than Fiscal Purposes. Incidental Protectionists Deny And Limited Protectionists Affirm The Wisdom Of Levying Tariff Duties With The Inten Tion And Purpose Of Protecting Home In Dustries. The Limited Protectionists ...
Proteins
Proteins, A Class Of Complex Sub Stances Occurring In Plants And Animals, And Differing From The Other Main Con Stituents (carbohydrates And Fats) In That They Contain Nitrogen. They Are Also Known Under The Name Of Proteids, Albumens And Albumenoids, But There Is A Tendency To Call The Nitrogenous Con ...
Protestant Episcopal Church
Protestant Episcopal Church, A Denomination In The United States Directly Descended From The Church Of England, Which Doctrinally Claims To Be Based On The Holy Scrip Tures, As Interpreted In The Apostles And Other Ancient Creeds Of The Church That Have Been Universally Received, And To Have Kept Herself Aloof ...
Proverb
Proverb, An Old And Common Say Ing; A Short Or Pithy Sentence Often Re Peated, And Containing Or Expressing Some Well-known Truth Or Common Fact Ascertained By Experience Or Observa Tion; A Sentence Which Briefly And Forci Bly Expresses Some Practical Truth. Un Less A Saying Is Capable Of Being ...
Providence
Providence, A City, Capital Of The State Of Rhode Island, And County-seat Of Providence Co.; On The Providence River, An Arm Of Narragansett Bay, And On The New York, New Haven, And Hart Ford, And The New England Railroads; 44 Miles S. W. Of Boston. It Is The Sec Ond ...
Prussia
Prussia, The Largest And Most Power Ful State Of The German Republic; Occu Pying A N. Central Portion Of The Euro Pean Continent; Between. Lat. 49°and 56° N., And Lon. 6° And 23° E.; Bounded On The N. By The Baltic And Denmark; On The E. By Russia And Poland; ...
Psychical Research
Psychical Research, A Term Ap Plied To The Process Of Inquiry Into The "phenomena Designated By Such Terms As Mesmeric, Psychical, And Spiritualis Tic," To Use The Words Of The Programme Of The British Society For Psychical Re Search. The Object Of The Inquiry, As Described By This Society, Was ...
Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis, A Form Of Thera Peutic Treatment Originated By Profes Sor Freud Of Vienna. In Its Essence It Is A System Of Psychological Inquiry Into The Subconscious Psychic Forces At The Base Of Psychic Disturbances, Preliminary To The Formulation Of A Method Of Treat Ment In Cases Of Neurasthenia, Hysteria ...
Psychology
Psychology, The Science Of Mental Phenomena. Opinion Is Far From Unani Mous On Many Of The Most Important Points Of Psychological Doctrine, Espe Cially On Such Points As Involve A Philo Sophical View Of The Nature Of Mind. Thus, In The First Place, We Have The View That Psychology Deals ...
Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy, Treatment Of Disease By The Application Of Mental In Fluence. The Treatment Takes Various Forms And The Conditions Of Its Efficacy Depend On The Psychical Character Of The Disease And The Responsiveness Of The Symptoms To Psychical Remedies. Since, However, There Is Hardly A Malady That Has Not Its ...
Pugilism
Pugilism, The Practice Of Boxing Or Fighting With The Fists. It Formed One Of The Earliest Of The Athletic Games Of The Greeks; And We Find The Greek Poets De Scribing Their Heroes And Gods As Excell Ing In The Pugne. Boxing For Men Was Introduced In The Olympic Games ...
Pulmotor
Pulmotor, A Device Used For Pro Ducing Artificial Respiration. It Is Used In Cases Of Drowning, Asphyxiation By Noxious Gases And Electric Shock. There Are Several Types Of Pulmotor On The Market Such As The Lung Motor, The Brat Apparatus And The Pulmotor. The Pul Motor Which Automatically Makes The ...
Quain
Quain, A Family Of Eminent Medical Men. (1) Jones Quain, Born In November, 1796, In Mallow, Ireland, Studied Medicine At Dublin And Paris, And In 1829 Was Appointed Lecturer On Anatomy And Physiology In The Alders Gate School Of Medicine, London. Two Years Later He Was Made Professor Of Anatomy ...
Quarantine
Quarantine, The Period (originally 40 Days) During Which A Ship Coming From A Port Suspected Of Contagion, Or Having A Contagious Sickness On Board, Is Forbidden Intercourse With The Place At Which She Arrives. Quarantine Was First Introduced At Venice In The 14th Century. It Is Now Required To Be ...
Quebec
Quebec, A Province Of The Dominion Of Canada, Formerly Called Canada East; Bounded On The N. By Labrador And Hudson Bay; On The E. By Labrador And The Gulf Of St. Lawrence; On The S. By New Brunswick, Chaleurs Bay, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, And New York; On The S. ...
Quebec_2
Quebec, A City And Capital Of The Province Of Quebec, Canada; At The Con Fluence Of The St. Lawrence And St. Charles Rivers, And On The Grand Trunk, The Canadian Pacific, The Lake St. The Intercolonial, The Quebec Central, And Other Railroads; 180 Miles N. E. Of Montreal. The City ...
Queensland
Queensland, Since 1901 An Aus Tralian State, Comprising The Whole N. E. Portion Of Australia N. Of New South Wales And E. Of South Australia And Its Northern Territory, Being Elsewhere Bounded By The Gulf Of Carpentaria, Torres Strait, And The Pacific. A Con Siderable Portion Is Thus Within The ...
Quicksand
Quicksand, In Its Usual Significance, A Tract Of Sand Which, Without Differing Much In Appearance From The Shore Of Which It Forms Part, Remains Perma Nently Saturated With Water To Such An Extent That It Cannot Support Any Weight. Quicksands Are Most Often Found Near The Mouths Of Large Rivers. ...
Quo
Quo Warrant°, In Law, A Writ Issuing Against Any Person Or Corpora Tion That Usurps Any Office Or Franchise, To Inquire By What Authority He Or It Supports His Or Its Claim, In Order To De Termine The Right, R, The 18th Letter And The 14th Con Sonant Of The ...
Racquets
Racquets, A Game Played In A Pre Pared Court, Open Or Close, With A Small Hard Ball And A Bat Like That Used For Playing Tennis. The Closed Or Roofed Court Is Now Generally Preferred For Playing In. It Is An Oblong, Rectangular Area, 80 Feet Long And 40 Broad ...
Radioactivity
Radioactivity, The Phenomenon Shown By Certain Substances Of Emitting Radiation Spontaneously. First Observed In 1896 By Henri Becquerel, Who Found That Certain Uranium Salts Emitted Rays Which Were Capable Of Affecting A Photo Graph Plate Through Black Paper Or Thin Metallic Sheets, And Were Also Able To Dis Charge Electrified ...
Radium Therapy
Radium Therapy, The Use Of Radium For The Cure Of Disease. It Is Still In The Experimental Stage, But Suf Ficient Success Has Already Been Gained To Indicate That It May Prove Of Great Value In Connection With Certain Malig Nant Growths. The Rays Are Applied By Various Methods: In ...
Raffaello Sanzio Raphael
Raphael, Raffaello Sanzio, Or Santi D'urbino, The Greatest Of Modern Painters, And Head Of The Roman School; Born In Urbino, Italy, March 28, 1483. He Received His Earliest Instruc Tions From His Father, Giovanni Santi, After Whose Death, In 1494, He Became The Pupil Of Perugino. In 1504 He Visited ...
Ragusa
Ragusa, A City Of Dalmatia ; On The E. Shore Of The Adriatic, 100 Miles S. E. Of Spalato And Opposite The Gulf Of Man Fredonia In Italy. It Is Surrounded With Strong Walls, And Contains Several Strik Ing And Interesting Buildings, Chief Among Them Being The Palace Of The ...
Railway Brotherhoods
Railway Brotherhoods, Labor Organizations Of The Employees Of Ameri Can Railroads, Chief Of Which Are: Grand International Brotherhood Of Locomotive Engineers, Founded In 1863; Order Of Railway Conductors Of America, Found Ed In 1868; Brotherhood Of Locomotive Firemen, Founded In 1873; Brotherhood Of Railway Trainmen, Founded In 1883; Brotherhood Of ...
Railways
Railways. No Invention, Aside From That Of The Steam Engine Itself, Has Had So Revolutionary An Influence On Modern Social And Industrial Conditions. Without Railway Transportation Modern Trade And Commerce Would Be An Im Possibility. Rails, As A Means To Facilitating The Drawing Of Heavy Loads, Preceded The Invention Of ...