POST-IMPRESSIONISM, a term used to designate the development in art that succeeded impressionism, a movement in the domain particularly of painting and sculpture, that sought the representation of the subjective conception of nature rather than nature itself. In these new theories the depicting of light plays an important part, and an effort is made to find expression for the things that lie behind the surface, the human feeling and conception, the qualities of depth, and weight, and permanence, and the ab stractions as opposed to the superficial appearance of things. The attempts to embody these ideas in color and stone have resulted in representations having little resemblance to objects as they ap pear to the eye. Both Cubism and Futurism are developments of Impres sionism and Post-Impressionism. In Cubism geometrical forms play a large part. Picasso, the Spanish sculptor and painter, was the first to give the move ment an international vogue, and in the establishment he had the co-operation of both French and Spanish artists, who organized the first collective exhibition in Paris in 1911. Futurism had its birth
almost simultaneously with Cubism, the originator being the Italian Marinetti. Its central idea is the representation of the interior energy and possibility of objects in nature and the results are usually bizarre. The movements have spread to all the countries of Europe and America, but though they have found conspicuous adherents, and embody cer taro truths, the more successful Post Impressionists have remained faithful to the traditions of the old masters, blend ing as far as they can what is new and true to the older principles of the arts.