The spleen of Pachydermatous animals differs in no noticeable respect from that of other quadrupeds. In the Elephant it measures four feet in length, yet even this is thought small when compared with the gigantic size of the animal.
The stomach of the Hippopotamus, or, at all events, of a fcetal Hippopotamus dissected by Daubenton, presents a very remarkable con formation. Externally it appeared to be com posed of three parts ; the principal portion, ex tending from the cardiac extremity to the py lorus, was much elongated, resembling more a portion of intestine than an ordinary stomachal receptacle. Besides this central part, extending from the cesophagus to the pyloric valve, were two long appendages like two ccecums, one arising on the right side of the cesophagus and running along the exterior of the stomach throughout almost its entire length, and then folding backwards, the other and shorter cul de sac issuing from the posterior a_spect of the car diac extremity of the stomach and projecting towards the right side. The construction of the interior of this stomach is still more extraordinary than its external appearance, for it is so divided bysepta, that food cominginto this viscus through the cesophagus may pass by different channels, either into the central portion, which seems pro perly entitled to the name of stomach, or into either of the great diverticula appended to it. The inferior walls of the central stomach have nine or ten cavities in them, something like those of the Camel and Dromedary. The lining membrane both of the stomach and diverticula is granular and wrinkled except near the py lorus, where the parietes become smooth and folded into numerous plicx somewhat resem bling those of the third stomach of a ruminant, although there is no probability that rumination occurs in the animal under consideration.
In the bog tribe the proportionate diinensions of the alimentary canal are very great when compared with the size of the animal's body, the large and small intestines of the flog or wild Boar measuring together from sixty to sixty-five feet in length, the large intestines alone being in the wild Boar thirteen and in the domestic llog fifteen feet long. The stomach is capacious, the entrance of the cesophagus being situated nearly in the centre of its lesser curvature, so that the cardiac cul de sac is exceedingly large, and is moreover prolonged into a kind of cowl-shaped appendage, which gives it a very peculiar aspect. On opening
the stotnach the epithelium of the cesophagus is found to be prolonged for some distance into its interior, where it covers a square space of considerable extent, the borders of which are well defined. At the entrance to the pylorus there is a lar;e nipple-shaped projection up wards of an inch in leng,th in the full-grown animal ; and moreover, however rnuch the stomach may be distended, there always re mains a deep fold crossing it at its upper part, between the cesophagus and the pylon's, and another equally extensive bounding the com mencement of the great cardiac oil tle sac, these folds evidently indicating a relationship with the more complex stomachs met with in ruminating animals, especially as the lining membrane only assumes a villous aspect in the pyloric region of the viscus.
The lirtr consists of four lobes, and there is a distinct gall-bladder, either lodged in a deep fissure, or imbedded in the substance of the middle lobe. The spleen is long, flat, and somewhat of a prismatic shape, and the pan creas consists uf three portions, which unite near the pylorus.
The Hyrax Capensis has a stomach which to a certain extent reminds the anatomist of the complex condition of that viscus met with in many animals nearly related to the Pachyder inata. The cardiac extremity is large, and forms a capacious cavity, which is divided by a deep constriction from a second compartment of smaller dimensions, which opens into the pyloric portion of the organ. The whole viscus moreover so bent upon itself owing to the smallness of the lesser curvature, that the py loric and cardiac extremities are almost in con tact with each other. The ctecum is likewise proportionably of enormous size, being larger than the stoinach itself, and from this a spirally folded intestine of no very great calibre runs to a kind of second ccecum of large capacity, which has its commencement prolonged up wards by means of two conical appendages like horns, whence it has been named by Pallas intestinum bicorne, and this last, after becoming considerably diminished in size, terminates in the rectutn.