Apollos
Apollos (' A7roxxtls), A Jew Of Alexandria, Is Described As A Learned, Or, As Some Understand It, An Eloquent Man Will) X41.os), Well Versed In The Scriptures And The Jewish Religion (acts Xviii. 24). About A.d. 56 He Came To Ephesus, Where, In The Synagogues, He Spake Boldly The Things ...
Apostle
Apostle (gr. 'ar6o-roxos, From Ciroarixxce, To Send Forth). In Attic Greek The Term Is Used To Denote A Fleet, Or Naval Armament. It Occurs Only Once In The Sept. (t Kings Xiv. 6), And There, As Uniformly In The New Testament, It Signifies A Person Sent By Another, A Messenger. ...
Apostolic Age
Apostolic Age. The Existence Of The Christian Church Is To Be Dated From The Day Of Pentecost. Our Lord, During His Personal Minis Try, Spoke Of The Church As An Institution About To Be Formed (olicokui7a6., }sou Matt. Xvi. Is), And On One Occasion Referred To It Pro Spectively In ...
Appeal
Appeal. The Right Of Appeal To Superior Tribunals Has Generally Been Considered An Essential Concomitant Of Inferior Judicatories. When, From The Paucity Of The Population Or Any Other Cause, The Subjects Of Litigation Are Few, Justice Is Usually Administered By The First Authority In The State, From Whose Award No ...
Appii Forum
Appii-forum ('arrriou 06pore), A Market Town In Italy, 43 Roman Miles From Rome (itiner. Anton. P. Ro7), On The Great Road (via Appia) From Rome To Brundusium, Constructed By Appius Claudius. The Remains Of An Ancient Town, Sup Posed To Be Appii-forum, Are Still Observed At A Place Called Casarillo ...
Aquila
Aquila ('axixas), A Jew With Whom Paul Became Acquainted On His First Visit To Corinth ; A Native Of Pontus, And By Occupation A Tent-maker. He And His Wife Priscilla Had Been Obliged To Leave Rome In Consequence Of An Edict Issued By The Emperor Claudius, By Which All Jews ...
Arabah
Arabah (irl); Sept. "apaga), A Hebrew T, Word, Signifying In General A Desert Plain, Or Steppe. In The Authorized Version It Is Translated The Plain, But In The Original It Appears To He Supplied With The Article On Purpose, As The Proper Name (rinyn Ha-arabah, The Arabah), Of The Great ...
Arabia
Arabia, An Extensive Region Occupying The South-western Extremity Of Asia, Between 12° 45' And 341° N. Lat., And 32.1° And 60° E. Long. From Greenwich ; Having On The W. The Isthmus Of Suez And The Red Sea (called From It The Arabian Gulf), Which Separate It From Africa ; ...
Arabic Language
Arabic Language. That Important Family Of Languages, Of Which The Arabic Is The Most Cul Tivated And Most Widely-extended Branch, Has Long Wanted An Appropriate Common Name. The Term Oriental Languages, Which Was Exclusively Applied To It From The Time Of Jerome Down To The End Of The Last Century, ...
Arabic Versions
Arabic Versions. As Christianity Never Attained Any Extensive Or Permanent Influence Among The Arabs As A Nation, No Entire Nor Pub Licly Sanctioned Arabic Version Of The Bible Has Been Discovered. But, As Political Events At Length Made The Arabic Language The Common Vehicle Of Instruction In The East, And ...
Ararat
Ararat (c7ioccurs Nowhere In Scripture As The Name Of A Mountain, But Only As The Name Of A Country, Upon The Mountains' Of Which Tht Ark Rested During The Subsidence Of The Flood (gen. Viii. 4). In Almost Every Part Of The East, Where There Is The Tradition Of A ...
Arbeh
Arbeh (rgin) Occurs In Exod. X. 4, Sept. Brptsci Roxx15v (` A Vast Flight Of Locusts,' Or Perhaps Indicating That Several Species Were Employed), Vulg. Locustanz ; And, In Ver. 12, 13, 14, 19, Etlipts And Locusta, Eng. Locusts ; Lev. - Xi. 22. Ppo9x0v, Bruchus, Locust ; Deut. Xxviii. ...
Arch
Arch. Arches With Vaulted Chambers And Domed Temples Figure So Conspicuously In Modern Oriental Architecture, That, If The Arch Did Not Exist Among The Ancient Jews, Their Towns And Houses Could Not Possiblf Have Offered Even A Faint Resem Blance To Those Which Now Exist : And This Being The ...
Architecture
Architecture. It Was Formerly Common To Claim For The Hebrews The Invention Of Scien Tific Architecture ; And To Allege That Classical Anti Quity Was Indebted To The Temple Of Solomon For The Principles And Many Of The Details Of The Art. A Statement So Strange, And Even Preposterous, Would ...
Areopagus
Areopagus, An Anglicized Form Of The Original Words (6 'apetos Rthyos), Signifying In Reference To Place, Mars Hill, But In Reference To Persons, The Council Which Was Held On The Hill. The Council Was Also Termed By 'apety Rd-yco Povx1 (or Hpoux7)ii 'a Pfly Irdw), The Council On Mars Hill ...
Aretas
Aretas ('apiras ; Arab. V. Pococke, Spec. Hist. Arab. P. 58, Or, In Another Form, = Vein, Pococke, I. C. 70, 76, 77, S9), The Common Name Of Several Arabian Kings. R. The First Of Whom We Have Any Notice Was A Contemporary Of The Jewish High-priest Jason And Of ...
Arimathea
Arimathea, The Birth-place Of The Wealthy Joseph, In Whose Sepulchre Our Lord Was Laid (matt. Xxvii. 57 ; John Xix. 38). Luke (xxiii. 51) Calls It A City Of The Jews ;' Which May Be Explained By 1 Macc. Xi. 34, Where King Deme Trius Thus Writes— We Have Ratified ...
Arithmetic
Arithmetic, Or, As The Word, Derived From The Greek Apeolhos, Signifies, The Science Of Numbers Or Reckoning, Was Unquestionably Practised As An Art In The Dawn Of Civilization ; Since To Put Things, Or Their Symbols, Together (addition), And To Take One Thing From Another (subtraction), Must Have Been Coeval ...
Ark Of The Covenant
Ark Of The Covenant ()inn, And, Dis Tinctively, The Ark Of The Law,' Here The Decalogue' (exod. Xxv. 22; Xxvi. 33) ; ;lin! Rolz The Ark Of The Covenant Of The Lord' (dent. X. 8 ; Xxxi. 9, 25); Pt..; The Ark Of The Covenant' (josh. Iii. 6 ; Iv. ...
Armageddon
[armageddon]. The River Lillhon—` That Ancient River,' So Fatal To Sisera—drains It, Flowing Off To The Mediterranean Through The Plain Of Acre [ktstion From The Base Of This Triangle Three Branches Stretch Out Eastward, Separated By The Parallel Ridges Of Gilboa And Morel). The Central Branch Is The Valley Of ...
Armenia
Armenia, A Country Of Western Asia, Is Not Mentioned In Scripture Under That Name, But Is Supposed To Be Alluded To In The Three Following Hebrew Designations, Which Seem To Refer Either To The Country As A Whole, Or To Particular Districts. I. Ararat Dti:, The Land Upon (or Over) ...
Armenian Language
Armenian Language- The Armenian Or Haikan Language, Notwithstanding The Great Anti Quity Of The Nation To Which It Belongs, Possesses No Literary Documents Prior To The Fifth Century Of The Christian Era. The Translation Of The Bible, Begun By Miesrob In The Year 4to, Is The Earliest Monu Ment Of ...
Armenian Version
Armenian Version. The Armenian Version Of The Bible Was Undertaken In The Year 4ro By Miesrob, With The Aid Of His Pupils Joannes Ecelensis And Josephus Palnensis. It Appears That The Patriarch Isaac First Attempted, In Consequence Of The Persians Having Destroyed All The Copies Of The Greek Version, To ...
Armlet
Armlet. Although This Word Has The Same Meaning As Bracelet, Yet The Latter Is Practically So Exclusively Used To Denote The Ornament Of The Wrist, That It Seems Proper To Distinguish By Armlet The Similar Ornament Which Is Worn On The Upper Arm. There Is Also This Difference Between Them, ...
Armon
Armon ; Chaldee, , Syriac, \o? ; Arabic, Ip7tcfrapos; Vulg. 0/atanus; Luth. Alzorn; A. A This Description Agrees Well With The Plane-tree (platanes Orientalis), Which Is Adopted By All The Ancient Translators, To Which The Balance Of Critical Opinion Inclines, And Which Actually Grows In Pales Tine. The Beech, The ...
Armour Arms
Arms, Armour. In Order To Give A Clear View Of This Subject, We Shall Endeavour To Shew Succinctly, And From The Best Authorities Now Avail Able, What Were The Weapons, Both Offensive And Defensive, Used By The Ancient Asiatics; Leaving To Be Found Under Other Heads The Composition And Tactical ...
Arnon Pin
Arnon (pin [from `]1 Stridere, Strepere, Sonare]; Sept. Appc2n,), A River Or Torrent Oro) Forming The Southern Boundary Of Trans-jordanic Palestine, And Separating It From The Land Of Moab (num. Xxi. 13, 26; Dent. Ii. 24; Iii. 8, 16; Josh. Xii. I; Is. Xvi. ; Jer. Xlviii. 20). Burckhardt Was ...
Arod
Arod Linta, Wild Ass, Ges.; Affiction, Furst), One Of The Sons Of Gad, And Ancestor Of The Arodites (num. Xxvi. 17). He Is Called Arodi (gen. Xlvi. T7).—w. L. A. Arod (linv)• This Word Occurs Job Xxxix. 5 ; And In Dan. V.'2i, The Plural Is Found In The Dee ...
Artachshast Artaxerxes
Artaxerxes, Artachshast (\floonprin As It Is Most Frequently Written) Is The Title Under Which More Than One Persian King Is Mentioned In The Old Testament. The Hebrew Form Is A Slight Corruption Of Which Letters De Sacy Has Deciphered In The Inscriptions Of Nakshi Rustam, And Which He Vocalizes Artahshetr(antiq. ...
Artemis
Artemis ("aprqus, Acts Xix. 24), The Diana Of The Romans, Is A Goddess Known Under Various Modifications, And With Almost Incompatible Attri Butes. As The Tutelary Divinity Of Ephesus, In Which Character Alone She Concerns Us Here, She Was Un Doubtedly A Representative Of The Same Power Pre Siding Over ...
Articles
Articles. In The Later Development Of Lan Guages, Logical Fulness And Accuracy Are Attained At The Expense Of Conciseness And Delicacy; And If Not Before, At Least In This Stage The Small Words Called Articles Are Uniformly Produced. If We Confined Our View To The Languages Which Are Derived From ...
Arvadites 14111n
Arvadites (1:4111n ; Sept. 'apd5tot, Gem X. 18 ; T Chron. I. 16), The Inhabitants Of The Island Aradus [arvad], And Doubtless Also Of The Neighbouring Coast. The Arvadites Were Descended From Arvad, One Of The Sons Of Canaan (gen. X. Is). Strabo (xvi. P. 730 Describes The Arvadites As ...
Asenath
Asenath (l-1:1;),4 ; Sept. ' Aoes40), The Daugh Ter Of Potipherah, Priest Of On, Whom The King Of Egypt Bestowed In Marriage Upon Joseph. [joseph.] No Better Etymology Of Asenath Has Been Proposed Than That By Jablonski, Who (panth. Egypt. V. I. P. 56, And Opuscul. Ii. 208) Regards The ...
Ashdod
Ashdod (lilt,n ; Sept. "arwros), The Az0tus Of The Greeks And Romans, And So Called In Macc. Iv. 15 ; Acts Viii. 40 (see Also Pim. Hist. Nat. V.14; Ptolem. V. 16); A City On The Summit Of A Grassy Hill, Near The Mediterranean Coast, Nearly Mid Way Between Gaza ...
Asher 104
Asher (104, Happiness; Sept. One Of The Sons Of Jacob By Zilpah, The Handmaid Of Leah (gen. Xxx. 13; Xxxv. 26), And Founder Of One Of The Twelve Tribes (num. Xxvi. 44-47). Asher Had Four Sons And One Daughter (gen. Xlvi. 17). On Quitting Egypt The Number Of Adult Males ...
Ashima
Ashima (nryth.:;, 2 Kings Xvii. 30; Sept. Ac-140) Is Only Once Mentioned In The Old Testa Ment As The God Of The People Of Hamath. The Babylonian Talmud, In The Treatise ' Sanhedrin' (cited In Carpzov's Apparatus, P. 516), And The Majority Of Jewish Writers, Assert That Ashima Was Worshipped ...
Ashtaroth
Ashtaroth (niltrn ; Sept. 'acrrapc.58), And Asiitaroth-carnaim Nilnev ; Sept. 'aorapth0 !cal Kapvatv), A Town Of Bashan (dent. 4; Josh. Ix. To), Which Was Included In The Terri Tory Of The Half-tribe Of Manasseh (josh. Xiii. 31), And Was Assigned To The Levites Chron. Vi. 71). It Is Placed By ...
Ashtoreth
Ashtoreth I Kings Xi. 5; Sept. 'artdprs) Is The Name Of A Goddess Of The Sidonians (t Kings Xi. 5, 33), And Also Of The Philistines (i Sam. Xxxi. To), Whose Worship Was Introduced Among The Israelites During The Period Of The Judges (judg. Ii. 13 ; I Sam. Vii. ...
Asia
Asia. This Term Does Not Occur In The O. T. In The Books Of Maccabees It Is Found—i. As The Designation Of The Territory Of Antiochus The Great (1 Macc. Viii. 6), In Which Case It Is Nearly Iden Tical With What Was Subsequently Called Asia Minor ; 2. As ...
Askelon
Askelon ; Sept. 'ao-xdx(4), A City Of The Philistines, And The Seat Of One Of Their Five States (judg. Xiv. 19 ; I Sam. Vi. 17 ; 2 Sam. I. 20). It Was Situated On The Mediterranean Coast, Be Tween Gaza And Ashdod, Twelve Geog. Miles North Of The Former, ...
Aspalathus
Aspalathus (dr:mai:0os), A Word Which Occurs Only In Ecclus. Xxiv. 15, Where It Is Enu Merated With Other Spices And Perfumes To Which Wisdom Is Compared. Though This Drug Is Not Mentioned In The Canonical Scriptures, It Is Probable That It May Have Been One Of The Substances Com Prehended ...
Assyria
Assyria. According To Gesenius, The Hebrew Term Initit.; Is Used In Three Different Applications. 1. It Expresses The Cour.ttry Known To Ptolemy * And The Greeks By The Name Assyria. In This Case The Word Is Feminine In Hebrew, Owing To The Ellipse Of 171n, The Land Of 2. It ...
Astronomy
Astronomy. In Considering The Pne.sag In The Bible Relating To Astronomy, It Is Important To Discriminate Between The Statements Made And The Terms Employed. The Former, In The Opinion Of Many Scholars, With Whom We Fully Agree, Are Consistent With The Truths Of Science, Whereas The Latter Are Merely Part ...
Asylum
Asylum, A Temple Or Other Sacred Place, Guarded By Rights Of Consecration, And Allowed To Extend A Protection Over Human Life ; So That Those Who Sought Its Shelter Could Not Be Torn From It Without The Deepest Impiety. The Word Is Derived From A. And Cracio, And Implies An ...
Atalleph
Atalleph (tinp). This Word Occurs Lev. Xi. 19 ; Dent. Xiv. 18 ; Is. Ii. 20 [in All Which Places The Lxx. Give Vincrepis ; Also In Baruch Vi. 22]. In Hebrew The Word Implies Flying In The Dark ; Which, Taken In Connection With The Sen Tence, Moreover The ...
Atergatis
Atergatis ('arcrycinis, Or 'arafydrls) Is The Name Of A Syrian Goddess, Whose Temple ('areryareiov) Is Mentioned In 2 Macc. Xii. 26. That Temple Appears, By Comparing T Macc. V. 43, To Have Been Situated At Ashteroth-kamaim. Her Worship Also Flourished At Mabftg (i. E., Barn Byce, Afterwards Called Hierapolis) According ...
Athaliah
Athaliah (rr9rw Rr9rly, Whom 7ehovah Remembered; Sept. Ro0oxia), Daughter Of Ahab, King Of Israel, Doubtless By His Idolatrous Wife Jezebel. She Is Also Called The Daughter Of Omri (2 Chron. Xxii. 2), Who Was The Father Of Ahab ; But By A Comparison Of Texts It Would Appear That She ...
Athbash
Athbash (cimmo Is A Similar Term For A Some What Different Principle Of Commutation. In This, Namely, The Letters Are Also Mutually Interchanged By Pairs ; But Every Pair Consists Of A Letter From Each End Of The Alphabet, In Regular Succession. Thus, As The Technical Term Athbash Shews, Tt ...
Athens
Athens ('abi.jval). This Celebrated City Is Mentioned In The N. T. In Connection With A Visit Paid To It By St. Paul (acts Xvii. 15-34). It Would Be Irrelevant To The Design Of This Work To Occupy Space In Detailing The History Of Athens ; It May Suffice For The ...
Athon
Athon (pnt.o. This Word Is Rendered She Ass In The A. V., But Unsatisfactorily, Unless We Suppose It To Refer To A Breed Of Greater Beauty And Importance Than The Common, Namely, The Silver Gray Of Africa ; Which Being Large And Indocile, The Females Were Anciently Selected In Preference ...
Atonement
Atonement. This Word Appears In The A. V. Of The Old Testament As The Rendering Of The Heb. 11s2 , Used Only In The Plural ?ism, And To `make Atonement,' As The Rendering Of The Piel Of The Cognate Verb Ign. The Primary Mean. Ing Of This Verb Is To ...
Augustine Calmet
Calmet, Augustine, A Learned Benedictine, Was Born At Mesnil-la-horgne, Near Commerci, In Lorraine, In 1672. After Some Early Study At The Priory Of Brenil, He Removed, In 1687, To The Uni Versity Of Pont-a-mousson, Where He Went Through A Course Of Rhetoric. In 1688 He Entered, In The Abbey Of ...
Augustinus Marloratus
Marloratus, Augustinus, A French Pro Testant Divine, Born At Bar-le-due, Department Of Meuse, In The Year 1506. Left An Orphan At An Early Age, He Was Placed By His Guardian In A Monastery Of The Augustinians, And In His Eighteenth Year He Took The Monastic Vows, And Subsequently Became Prior ...
Augustus Hermann Francke
Francke, Augustus Hermann, A Zealous Philanthropist And Learned Theologian, Founder 01 The Celebrated Orphan House At Halle, Was Born At Liibeck, 1663, And Carefully And Religiously Edu Cated By.his Parents. At Gotha He Passed Through The Gymnasium, And In 1679 Visited The University Of Erfurt, Where He Applied Himself To ...
Augustus Pfeiffer
Pfeiffer, Augustus, Born 1640 At Lauen Burg In Lower Saxony. After Studying In Various Places, He Took His Degree Of Master Of Arts At Wittenberg, And Was Made One Of The Professors Of Its University. In 1671 He Became Dean Of Medzibor In Silesia, And Afterwards Attained To Other Honours ...
Aurelius Augustinus
Augustinus, Aurelius, A Native Of Tag Aste, A Town Of Numidia, Was Born 15th Nov. 354, And Died At Hippo, Of Which He Was Bishop, On The 28th Of August 430, The Writings Of This Great Thinker Are Very Numerous ; They Are Chiefly Devoted To Theological And Philosophical Investigations ...
Avites Avm
Avm, Avites (dmir ; Sept. Dialog). [this Word Has Three Distinct Applications In The A T. It Is—r. A Gentile Name, From My, And Designates The Inhabitants Of That City, 2 Kings Xvii. 31[ava]; 2. The Name Of A Town In Benjamin (ruins-town), Tosh. Xviii. 23 ; The Designation Of) ...
Azariah
Azariah (roltv, Whom 7ehovah Aids, Answer Ing To The German Name Gotthelf; Sept. '.eictpia,$), A Very Common Name Among The Hebrews, And Hence Borne By A Considerable Number Of Persons Mentioned In Scripture. I. A High-priest (i Chron. Vi. 9) [the Son Of Ahimaaz, And Grandson Of Zadok, Whom He ...
Azzariah Bonanto De Rossi
Rossi Or Rubeis, Azzariah (=bonanto) De, Was Born, 1513, In Mantua, Of The Celebrated Family Called In Hebrew Rpnritin In=--de Rossi, Who, Like The Families Coninnri In-= De Fomis, Nvoprs In, And N+13,:r1 In, Traced Their Origin To Those Jews Who Were Led Into Captivity After The Destruction Of Jerusalem ...
B Doctrinal Views
B. Doctrinal Views. Foremost Among The Doctrines Of The Sad Ducees Is The Tenet That The Hebrew Scriptures, With The Authoritative Explanations And Glosses Which Developed Themselves In The Course Of Time, Are The Sole Rule Of Faith And Practice, Thus Deny Ing That There Existed Any Orally Transmitted Law ...
B Salosion 12
B. Salosion (1.2 In) P Prw P Plan Ritam. The Exact Date Of Either The Birth Or Death Of This Renowned Author Of The First Hebrew Concordance, Who Traces His Lineage To The Royal Family Of David, Has Not As Yet Been Ascertained. All That We Know With Certainty Is, ...
B The Post Exile
B. The Post-exile Period.—after The Re Turn Of The Jews From The Captivity, Where They Had Been Weaned From Idolatry, The Spiritual Guides Of Israel Reorganised The Whole Religious And Political Life Of The Nation, And Defined, Modified, And Ex Panded Every Law And Precept Of The Mosaic Code, So ...
Babylon To The Destruction
Babylon To The Destruction Of The Temple. —in The Account Of The First Celebration Of This Festival After The Return Of The Jews From The Lonish Captivity,,the Concise Pentateuchal Injunction Is Expanded. Not Only Are The Localities Specified In Which These Booths Are To Be Erected, But Ditional Plants Are ...