PAPPENHEIM, SALOMON b. SkiLiGmANN, a very eminent Hebraist, grammarian, lexicographer, and synonymist. He was born at Breslau in 1740, where his distinguished attainments and great piety secured for him the Rabbinate of the Jewish com munity, and where he died March 4, 1814. The work which has immortalised his name is a lexicon of the Hebrew synonyms of the Bible, entitled The Curtains of Solomon (r1n9T, mrin+), 3 vols. 4to. The first volume, which was published m Dyhren torth 1784, consists of an introduction (rin-rpr) and three parts or sections (7111311), subdivided into forty nine paragraphs (nir-r). The introduction (i.-xi.) contains a grammatical dissertation (rrornx 71hDV1 rcnrinn 1"NIII1ED:11 the first part (rrori, pp. 1-33) consisting of seven paragraphs treats on those words which denote time, or on such substantives, adjectives, and verbs as express the idea of beginning; ena, hum:lung, taruing, youth, age ; the second part (inn, pp. 33-66), consisting of eleven paragraphs (mr-o), treats on those words which denote space, or on expressions conveying the idea of place, even, straight, uneven, crooked, way, neighbourhood, etc., etc. ; whilst the third part (pp. 66-118), con sisting of thirty-one paragraphs, embraces words which convey the idea of motion in its various modifications, ex. gr., going, flying, springing, flowing; etc., etc. The second volume, which was published in Redelheim 1831, after the death of the author, with notes by the celebrated Wolf Heidenheim [HEIDENHE1/$1], consists of an intro duction (nnpro and font parts (min), subdi• vided into twenty-six paragraphs (r113P10). The introduction (pp. contains a psychological treatise (wri ay Impn T11ll'plin 3,)); the first part (pp. 9-39), consisting of fourteen sections,
treats on words which express the idea of speaking, or utterance, in its various modifications ; the second part (pp. 39, 40) discusses words which denote hearing; the third part (pp.4o-57), consisting of twelve sections, treats on words which refer to sight; whilst the fourth part (pp. consist ing of twenty-three sections, treats on words which relate to the touch and smell. The third volume, which was published in Dyhrenfdrth 181r, consists of a general introduction (rinipr) and one part (mon), subdivided into fifty-seven sections (run'), and treats on (ropmnnri nInv rtzt.6nri t..!,) those synonyms which convey the idea of action. The importance of this work can hardly be overrated. It is the only lexicon which embraces the synonyms of the whole Biblical He brew, as the contributions of Wessely, Luzzato, and others to this department are confined to single groups of words. Pappenheim's marvellous mastery of the Hebrew style, his keen perception, refined taste, critical acumen, and his philosophical mind, pre-eminently fitted him for this task. He has also written a lexicon, or treatise, embracing those words and particles which are formed from the letters entitled pvri, The Delight of Solomon, of which, however, only one part ap peared, Breslau 1802 ; and he has left in MS. A Critico-etymological and Synonymical Hebrew Lexi con, which has not as yet been published (comp. Geiger, in the Zell:re-krill' der deutschen morgenlcin dischen Gesellschaft, vol. xvii., Leipzig 1863, p. 325, ff. ; BiG1iDcheco yudaica, iii. 64, etc. C. D. G.