Roads
Roads. In The East, Where Tmvelling Is Per Formed Mostly On Some Beast Of Burden, Certain Tracks Were At A Very Early Period Customarily Pur Sued ; And That The Rather As From Remote Ages Commerce And Travelling Went On By Means Of Caravans, Under A Certain Discipline, And Affording ...
Robert Boyd
Boyd, Robert, Of Trochrig, Was Born In Glasgow In 1578. He Was Educated In Edinburgh, Where He Studied Theology Under Rollock. He Repaired To France For The Prosecution Of His Studies, And After Having Acted As Pastor Of The Church At Verteuil, He Received An Appointment In R6o6 To A ...
Robert Clayton
Clayton, Robert, D.d. (16954758), Bishop Successively Of Killala, Cork, And Clog Her ; Of The Arian, Or, More Correctly Speaking, The Subordinationist School Of Theology. In 1751 He Gave Rise To A Considerable Controversy By The Pub Lication Of A Work Entitled An Essay On The Spirit. It Subsequently Appeared, ...
Robert Haldane
Haldane, Robert, Esq., A Scottish Gentle Man Of Fortune, Who Devoted Himself To The Service Of Religion, And To Biblical And Theological Studies. He Was Born In London 2stli Feb. 1764, And Died At Edinburgh 12th Dec. 1842. Having Resolved To Establish A Mission For Preaching The Gospel In Bengal, ...
Robert Holmes
Holmes, Robert, D.d., A Learned Divine And Elegant Scholar, Was A Native Of Hampshire, Born 1749, And Educated At Winchester School, From Which He Was Chosen To New College, Oxford. In 1790 Lie Succeeded Thomas Warton As Professor Of Poetry In That University. He Became Rector Of Staunton, Canon Of ...
Robert Leighton
Leighton, Robert, Was Born In The Year 1611, And Probably In London, Where His Father Resided. Being Of Scottish Descent, He Was Edu Cated At Edinburgh, And Took His Degiee Of M. A. At The Nniversity There In 1631. After Leaving The University He Spent Some Years On The Continent, ...
Robert Lowth
Lowth, Robert, Was Born At Boriton, Or, As Some Vvill Have It, In The Close Of Winchester, No Vember 27, 171o. He Was Educated On The Foun Dation Of Winchester College, Where He Displayed His Poetical Talent At A Very Early Age, And From Whence He Was Elected To A ...
Robert Rollock
Rollock, Robert, First Principal Of The Uni Versity Of Edinburgh, Was Born 1555, And Died At The Age Of Forty-three. In 1583, When That Univer Sity Was Founded, He Was Invited To Take The Chief Management Of It, And In 1585 The Magistrates Of The City—the Founders And Patrons Of ...
Roman Empire
Roman Empire. This Article Having More Particularly To Treat Of Roman History During Its Connection With That Of Palestine, More Fulness Will Be Found In The Account Especially Devoted To That Country, Than In The Present Remarks Upon The Earlier And Later History Of The Roman Empire. The First Mention ...
Rome
Rome, The Famous Capital Of The Western World, And The Present Residence Of The Pope, Stands On The River Tiber, About Fifteen Miles From Its Mouth, In The Plain Of What Is Now Called The Campagna (felix Ilia Campania—pliny, Hist. Nat. Iii. 6), In Lat. 41° 54' N., Long. 12° ...
Saadia Gaon
Saadia Gaon (=recror), B. Yosefik Ila Pithomi Orn-ocro, Ha-mizri ("1=1), Called In Arabic Said Ibn Yaakub Al-faljumi. This Famous Founder Of A New Exegetical And Scientific School Among The Rabbins, As Well As.of A System Of Moral Philosophy, In The Middle Ages, Was Bom A. D. 892, At Fajum, In ...
Sabbath Days Journey
Sabbath Day's Journey (ruz, Ntrin, Aa1313cirot, 636s), The Prescribed Distance Which May Lawfully Be Traversed On A Sabbath, And Beyond Which No Jew Can Go Without Violating The Sanctity Of The Day, Except He Adopts The Means Appointed For Exceeding The Canonical Boundaiy. 1. Distance Of A Sabbath-way, And Its ...
Sabbatical Year
Sabbatical Year (mv, Ray:vri R2v Nrizv, Or Simply ; Ifizogarothr, Or Act13 Panxds 4incturbs), The Septennial Rest For The Land From All Tillage And Cultivation Enjoined In The Mosaic Law (exod. Xxiii. Ro, ; Lev. Xxv. 2-7 ; Deut. Xv. 1-1r ; Xxxi. To-13). 1. Names And Their Signification.—in The ...
Saint Eucherius
Eucherius, Saint, Born Of An Illustrious Family In The Second Half Of The 4th Century. His Father's Name Was Valerian : That Of His Wife, Gallia ; By Whom He Had Two Sons, Salonius And Veranius, And Two Daughters, Consortia And Tullia. About The Year 410 He Left The World ...
Salathiel
Salathiel (.7.axabti7x, Answering To The Heb. Asked Of God), The Father Of . Zerubbabel (matt. I. 12 ; Luke Iii. 27 ; Comp. Ezra Iii. 2 ; Neh. Xii. ; Hag. I. 14 • 11. 2). In The Genealogy Of Our Lord Given By Matthew He Appears As The Son ...
Salcah
Salcah And Salchah (nnt); 'exxa ; 2ercxal ; Alex. Menxa ; 2a0-etxd ; •salecha), An Ancient City Of Bashan, Situated On Its Eastern Bor Der. The Territory Which The Israelites Took From The Giant Og Is Described As Embracing All Bashan Unto Salchah' (deut. To ; Josh. Xiii. R). This ...
Salim
Salim (zaxelik; And Alex. Axxelbc). In John A 23, The Only Passage Of Scripture In Which This Name Occurs, It Is Said, And John Also Was Bap Tizing In Anon, Near To Salim. Beca.use There Was Much Water There.' Salim Was Manifestly A Well Known Place ; But Its Situation ...
Salome
Salome (eaxaun). 1. A Woman Of Galilee, Who Accompanied Jesus In Some Of His Journeys, And Ministered Unto Him; And Was One Of Those Who Witnessed His Crucifixion And Resurrection (mark Xv. 40; Xvi. T). It Is Gathered, By Com Paring These Texts With Matt. Xxvii. 56, That She Was ...
Salomon B Abraham Urbino
Urbino, Salomon B. Abraham. This Distinguished Lexicographer, Who Is Also Called Rashba=t4"2tri, From The Initials Of 11 7101:11 Iytimn, R. Salomon B. Abraham, Flourished A.d. 1480, In Which Year, And Not In Rsoo, As Is Stated By Wolf (bibliotheca Hebreca, Ion Etc.), He Wrote His Important Lexicon On The Synonyms ...
Salomon Di Oliveyra
Oliveyra, Salomon Di, A Distinguished Hebrew Poet And Grammarian, And Chief Rabbi Of The Portuguese Jews In Amsterdam, Was Born Circa 1640. He Mastered The Hebrew Language And Wrote Synagogual Poetry When Very Young ; Which Together With His Extensive Learning Secured For Him A High Position In The Community. ...
Salomon Glassius
Glassius, Salomon, A Distinguished Theo Logian Of The T7th Century, Was Born At Sonders Hausen In 1593, And Educated At The Gymnasium Of Gotha. In 1612 He Went To The University Of Jena, Where Lie Spent Three Years In The Philoso Phical School ; And In 1615 To \vittenberg, Where ...
Salomon Pappenheim
Pappenheim, Salomon B. Skiligmann, A Very Eminent Hebraist, Grammarian, Lexicographer, And Synonymist. He Was Born At Breslau In 1740, Where His Distinguished Attainments And Great Piety Secured For Him The Rabbinate Of The Jewish Com Munity, And Where He Died March 4, 1814. The Work Which Has Immortalised His Name ...
Salutation
Salutation. The Frequent Allusion In Scripture To The Customary Salutations Of The Jews Invests The Subject With A Higher Degree Of Interest Than It Might Otherwise Claim ; And It Is Therefore Fortunate That There Are Few Scriptural Topics Which Can Be Better Understood By The Help Of The Illus ...
Samaria
Samaria Ai-oo, Watch-height ; Za,ucipeta), . . A City, Situated Near The Middle Of Palestine, Built By 01111-1, King Of Israel, On A Mountain Or Hill Of The Same Name, About B.c. 925. It Was The Metro Polis Of The Kingdom Of Israel, Or Of The Ten Tribes. The Hill ...
Samaritan Pentateuch
Samaritan Pentateuch. This Re Cension Of The First Five Books Of The O. T. Was Mentioned Or Alluded To By Early Writers, By Cyril Of Alexandria, Eusebius, Jerome, Diodorus, Pro Copius Of Gaza, And Others. Having Been After Wards Unnoticed, Its Existence Began To Be Doubted, Till Pietro Della Valle, ...
Samaritans
Samaritans. The Word Samaritan Occurs But Once In The O. T.—viz. 2 Kings Xvii. 29. In The N. T. It Is Applied, Strictly Speaking, To The People Or Sect Who Had Established An Independent Worship Of Their Own In A Temple Or Synagogue At Nablfis. In The Books Of Kings ...
Samson
Samson (itint::), Shimshon; Sept. 2al.opufw), The Name Of The Celebrated Champion, Deliverer, And Judge Of Israel, Equally Remarkable For His Supernatural Bodily Prowess, His Moral Infirmities, And Bis Tragical End. He Was The Son Of Manoah, Of The Tribe Of Dan, And Born A.m. 2848, Of A Mother Whose Name ...
Samuel
Samuel 6t.nnt7); Sept. Zakcoutjx), The Last Of Those Extraordinary Regents That Presided Over The Hebrew Commonwealth Under The Title Of Judges. The Circumstances Of His Birth Were Ominous Of His Future Career. His Father, Elkanah Of Ramathaim-zophim, Of Mount Ephraim, Had Two Wives, The Name Of The One Was Hannah, ...
Samuel Bochart
Bochart, Samuel, A French Protestant Pastor, Was Born At Rouen In 1599. He Was Educated At Paris And Sedan, And Probably Also He Studied Theology At Saumur. The Masters To Whose Instructions He Was Chiefly Indebted Were Two Scutchmen, Dempster And Cameron, Then Resident In France. When The College At ...
Samuel Burder
Burder, Samuel, D. D., Late Of Clare Hall, Cambridge, And Lecturer Of Christ's Church, New Gate Street, Claims Notice Here For The Following Works Bearing On The Illustration Of The Bible : Oriental Customs ; Or An Illustration Of The Sacred Scriptures, By An Explanatory Application Of The Cus Toms ...
Samuel Chandler
Chandler, Samuel, D.d. (1693-1766), A Learned Nonconformist Divine, Born At Hungerford, And Educated For The Ministry At Gloucester And Tewkesbury By The Rev. Samuel Jones. Butler, The Author Of The Analogy, And Seeker, Afterwards Archbishop Of Canterbury, Were Amongst His Fel Low Students. In 1716 He Was Chosen To Be ...
Samuel Clarke
Clarke, Samuel, D.d., A Celebrated Philo Sopher, Divine, And Mathematician, Was A Native Of Norwich, Where He Was Born Oct. T T, 1675. He Was Educated At The Free School In That City, And At Caius College, Cambridge. He Devoted Himself First To Philosophy, But Subsequently Hav Ing Turned His ...
Samuel Friedrich Nathanael Morus
Morus, Samuel Friedrich Nathanael, An Eminent German Professor Of The Last Century, Was Born Nov. 30, 1736, At Laubau, In Upper Lusatia. He Entered The University Of Leipzig In His Nineteenth Year. He Became A Devoted Pupil Of Ernesti, And Under The Guidance Of This Celebrated Master Of Exegesis Laid ...
Samuel Horsley
Horsley, Samuel, Was Born In London 1733, His Father Being Curate Of St. Martins-in-the Fields. From Westminster School He Entered Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He Took Orders In 1759, Was, In 1767, Elected A Fellow Of The Royal Society, And In 1768 He Obtained The Degree Of Ll.d. During His Residence ...
San1uel Lee
Lee, San1uel, D.d., A Distinguished Oriental Ist And Biblical Scholar, Was Born At Longnor, In Shropshire, May 14, 1783. After Receiving The Elements Of Education, He Was Apprenticed To A Car Penter, But His Native Aptitude For Learning Having Been Accidentally Stimulated By A Desire To Under Stand Some Latin ...
Sanballat
Sanballat (thz:t) ; Sept. .7.,aval3axxcir), A Native Of Horonaim, Beyond The Jordan (neh. Ii. To), And Probably Also A Moabitish Chief, Whom (probably From Old National Hatred) We Find United In Council With The Samaritans, And Active In At Tempting To Deter The Returned Exiles From Fortifying Jerusalem (neh. Iv. ...
Sanctes Pagninus
Pagninus, Sanctes, Born At Lucca About 1470. He Became A Dominican In 1486, And Was The Pupil Of Savonarola And Others Famous In Theo Logy And Oriental Learning, At Fiesoli, Where His Rapid Progress Won The Esteem Of Cardinal De Me Dici, Afterwards Leo X. Having Received Holy Orders, He ...
Sanctification And Re Demption
First-born, Sanctification And Re Demption Of The ("i= Rimy, Imn Nrit), Males Of Human Beings And Animals Were Strictly Enjoined To Perpetuate The Remembrance Of The Death Of Egypt's First-born, Whereby The Liberty Of The Israelites Was Secured, And Of The Preservation Of Israel's First-born. Comp. Exod. Xiii. 2, 11-15. ...
Sarah
Sarah (rlit:), A .princess, A Noble Lady, Being The Fem. Of Sar, A Prince," A Nobleman ;' Sept. Z(1/3/3a), The Wife Of Abraham, And Mother Of Isaac. She Was At First Called ',lb, Sarai, The Ety _ Mology And Signification Of Which Are Obscure. Ewald (gram. Sec. 324) Explains It ...
Saraph 9 1
Saraph (9-1). When The Israelites Were In The Wilderness They Were Visited, As A Punishment For Their Murmuring, By Fiery Serpents (04e;rum Wt.-cm), Num. Xxi. 6. This Saraph, The Sup Posed Winged Serpent, We Take To Be A Haye, One Of The More Eastern Species Or Varieties, Which Have Tbe ...
Saraph Shephiphon Tsephatsipivoni
Saraph ; Shephiphon ; Tsepha' ; Tsipivoni.] Scriptural Evidence Attests The Serpent's Influ Ence On The Early Destinies Of Mankind ; And This Fact May Be Traced In The History, The Legends, And Creeds Of Most Ancient Nations. It Is Far From Being Obliterated At This Day Among The Pagan, ...
Sardis
Sardis (ecipaces), The Capital Of The Ancient Kingdom Of Lydia, Situated At The Foot Of Mount Tmolus, In A Fine Plain Watered By The River Pac Tolus (herod. Vii. 31 ; Xenophon, Cyrop. Vii. 2-11; Pliny, Hist. Nat.; Strabo, Xiii. P. 625). It Is In N. Lat. 38° 3o' ; ...
Satan
Satan. The Doctrine Of Satan And Of Satanic Agency Is To Be Made Out From Revelation, And From Reflection In Agreement With Revelation. Scripture Names Or Titles Of Satan. —besides Satan, He Is Called The Devil, The Dragon, The Evil One, The Angel Of The )3ottomless Pit, The Prince Of ...
Saul
Saul ; Sept. And N. T. Zacria), Son Of Kish, Of The Tribe Of Benjamin, Was The First King Of The Israelites. The Corrupt Administration Of Justice By Samuel's Sons Furnished An Occasion To The Hebrews For Rejecting That Theocracy, Of Which They Neither Appreciated Tbe Value, Nor, Through Their ...
Scape Goat
Goat, Scape. A Reference To This Head Is Made Under The Article Azazel. The Article Is Re Tained As Presenting The View Of Hengstenberg. It Appears To Hengstenberg That An Egyptian Reference Must Necessarily Be Acknowledged In The Ceremony Of The Great Atonement Day ; And In Order To Establish ...
Sceptre
Sceptre. The Hebrew Word Thus Rendered Is Liz#j, Which In Its Primary Signification Denotes A Staff Of Wood (ezek. Xix. It), About The Height Of A Man, Which The Ancient Kings And Chiefs Bore As An Insigne Of Honour (iliad, I. 234, 245; Ii• 1s5, Seq. ; Amos I. 5 ...
Sea Of Galilee
[galilee, Sea Of]. Between The Sea Of Galilee And The Dead Sea The Valley Is Divided Into Two Sections By The Pro Jecting Ridge Of Surtabeh, Above Mentioned. The Upper Section Has A Gently Undulating Surface, A Rich, Loamy Soil, Abundantly Watered By Streams From Both The Eastern And Western ...
Sea Of V Galilee
Galilee, Sea Of V) Ociacco-acc Ri)s Pa?aalas.); Also Called The Sea Of Tiberias' (rijs Toe Piciaos), And The Lake Of Gennesaret' (17 Xiavn L'evyncragr), And Emphatically The Sea' Ocixacra-a, Matt. Iv. 15). In The O. T. The Only Name Given To This Lake Is The Sea Of Cinnereth' (r1-.1n-c+, Or ...
Seal
Seal. There Seem To Have Been Two Kinds Of Seals In Use Among The Hebrews. A Notion Appears To Exist That All Ancient Seals, Being Signets, Were Rings, Intended To Be Worn On The Hand. But This Was By No Means The Case ; Nor Is It So Now In ...
Seba Sheba
Sheba, Seba, Sabieans. As Much Con Fusion Has Been Introduced By The Variety Of Mean Ings Which The Name Sabeeans Has Been Made To Bear, It May Be Proper To Specify In This Place Their Distinctive Derivations And Use. In Our A. V. Of Scripture The Term Seems To Be ...
Second Division
Second Division. Up To The Settlement Of The Israelites In Egypt Under Joseph, The Genealogical Records Of Their Ancestry, And Of Mankind In Gene Ral, Are Very Complete. The Descent From Father To Son Is Fully Given, And The Chronology Of The Several Descents, If Not Minutely Stated, May Be ...
Second Epistle Peter
Peter, Second Epistle Of.—the Genuine Ness Of This Second Epistle Has Long Been Disputed, Though Its Author Calls Himself Simon Peter,' Soaos Kat Wroo-ronor, A Servant And An Apostle Of Jesus Christ.' It Is Bard To Say Whether The Alleged Quotations From It By The Fathers Are Really Quotations, Or ...
Second And Third Epistles
John, Second And Third Epistles Of. Whilst The Internal Evidence Arising From Similarity Of Style And Tone Of Thought Between These Epistles And The First Epistle Of John Strongly Supports The Conclusion That All Are From The Same Pen, The External Evidence For Their Genuineness Is Less Copious And Decisive ...