PAGNINUS, SANCTES, born at Lucca about 1470. He became a Dominican in 1486, and was the pupil of Savonarola and others famous in theo logy and Oriental learning, at Fiesoli, where his rapid progress won the esteem of Cardinal de Me dici, afterwards Leo X. Having received Holy Orders, he devoted himself to the duties of the pulpit, and the persuasive earnestness of his preach ing made many celebrated converts. Until the death of Leo X., he was professor of a school of Oriental literature, founded by that pontiff at Rome, but, after his decease, he accompanied the cardinal legate to Avignon, and subsequently removed to Lyons, where he became a zealous opponent of the reformed religion, and was the means of founding a hospital for the plague. He died there in 1541, honoured and regretted by rich and poor.
The learned works of Pagninus have been highly esteemed by some, severely criticised by others. I. He published at Lyons, in 1528, Veteris et novz Testamenti nova translatio, which had been the labour of thirty years, and was to have been pub lished at the expense of Leo X., had he lived to see it finished. In the preface, he details the care which he had taken to make the work perfect. It is the first Latin Bible in which the verses of each. chapter are distinguished and numbered as in the original, and is remarkable for the extreme close ness with which the Latin is made to follow and take the shape of the Hebrew idiom. Richard Simon charges him with this as a fault, saying that it not only makes his language obscure and barbar ous, but sometimes changes the sense of the original. Servetus published a folio edition of this work, which he infected with his own errors, at Lyons, in 1642. That of Arias Montanus, in the Antwerp Polyglott, exaggerates the peculiarities of his Latin style. Still the editions of 1599 and 1610-13, in Svo, which give an interlinear and word for word translation of the Hebrew with the vowel points, is to this day the most convenient Hebrew Bible for beginners. 2. His Thesaurus Ling ace Sancta', Lyons 1529, in folio, is much esteemed. The folio
edition of Geneva, 1614, by J. Mercier and A. Cavalleri, is very inferior, and in many places cor rupt. There is also a Paris edition, in 4t0, of 1548. 3. An abridgment of the Thesaurus in Svo, with the title Thesauri Pagnani Epitome, was printed at Antwerp in 1616, and often reprinted. He also published-4. Isagoges seu introdzictionis ad sacras littera! fiber anus, Lyons 1528, 4to, ibid. 1536, folio. 5. Hebraicarum quatuor ex Rabbi David Kimchi priore parte fere transcripti, Lyons 1526, Paris 1549, both 4tos. 6. An abridgment of this grammar, also in 4to, was published at Paris in 1546 and 1556. 7. Catena Argentea in Pentatezzchum, Lyons 1536, folio, in six volumes. This is a collection of the comments of Hebrew, Greek, and Latin writers on the five books of Moses. He also produced several other learned works (Histoire des hommes illustres de l'ordre de St. Dominique, by Tonron ; Bibliotheca Sancta, by Sixtus of Sienna).—M. H.
PAHATH-MOAIi (zstin nn n, Governor of Moab ; Sept. cbaeo9 Mcoci(3), head of one of the families or houses of Judah which came up with Zerubbabel from Babylon, whose chief was one of those who sealed the covenant along with Nehe miah, and some of the members of which were amongst those who had taken to them strange wives (Ezra ii. 6 ; x. 30 ; Neh. vii. 11 ; x. 14). That such a name should be borne by one of the families of Judah appears strange. The only con jecture that throws any light on it is that the name arose with the sons of Shelah, who are said to have had dominion in Moab' (I Chron. iv. 22) ; in this family the name may have remained as a memorial of what had been among the ancient things' of the tribe. The objection to this, that rim is a word of later origin, and points therefore to some source of the name more recent than the above, may be obviated by supposing that the later word was substituted for an older one. From the posi tion occupied by this family in the lists, and from the number of its members (Neh. vii. I i), we may infer that it was of eminence among the families of Judah.—W. L. A.