In Natal the Australian wattles (especially A. monis sima) have been cultivated with success. The barks con tain about 30 per cent of tannin. The bark of A. mollis sins from trees growing on limestone soils contains 10 to 25 per cent less tannin than that from other soil for mations. An acre of ten-year-old trees will yield five or six tons of bark, so that the tree promises to be valuable for growing in California and other western and southern states as a future source of tan bark.
Acacia Carenia, Espinillo. Native in South America. The bark contains 6 per cent and the pods 18 to 21 per cent, or more, of tannin. A. Cebil, the Red Cebil, has 10 15 per cent of tannin in the bark and 6 to 7 per cent in the leaves. It is found in Argentine Republic. A. Gnu rensis, the Algarobilla of Argentine Republic, is said to contain tannin in the bark, pods and flowers. A. Timbo is found in Buenos Ayres. A. Angico, or Piptadenia macrocarpa, of Brazil, yields " angiea bark," containing 20 per cent of tanning matter.
Acacia horrida, " Doorn hooch," of the Cape of Good Hope, contains 8 per cent of tannin. Inga Feuillei, " Pay pay," of Peru, is said to have 12-15 per cent of tannin in the pods. Elephantorrhiza Burchellii, Elandshochjes, Tugwar or Tnlwah, of South Africa, is a papilionaceous plant, the air- dry root of which contains 12 per cent of tannin and a great deal of red coloring matter.
Canaigre. (Fig. 851.) Canaigre (Rumex hymenosepalus), also called Gona gra, Red Dock and wild pie-plant, is common in the sandy, semi-arid plains of Mexico, Arizona and Texas, as far north as Indian Territory and Utah, and westward to southern California. It considerably resembles rhubarb. The roots, when air-dried, contain 20-35 per cent of a catechol tannin, probably allied to that of mimosa. The fresh roots contain about 63 per cent of water and 8 per cent of tannin. The tannin produces leather of bright orange color, having considerable weight and firmness. Sandy soils, subject to inundation or irrigation, seem best suited to its culture. In California and Arizona, the growth begins in October or November with the winter rains. The plant blooms about the end of January, while the leaves die down in May and no growth takes place during the dry hot summer. Planting is done in autumn, in rows 30 inches apart, with ten inches between each two roots. Roots "seed" should be kept in the ground or stored in dry sand. The yield in an average season is
10-20 tons of green roots per acre. The plant has been grown successfully in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California, but as a rule larger profits can be made from the land by growing other crops, so that its cultivation has not been a commercial success. The roots should be harvested when two years old, as they contain the most tannin at this age. If allowed to remain longer they become darker and deteriorate. The roots should be sliced and extracted at once, or dried at a kw tempera ture if this is not possible.
Other rumexes and polygonums containing consider able tannin.
Rumex maritimus is found in Central Europe, England and Ireland. After drying, it contains 22 per cent of tannin.
Polygonum amphibiurn is very abundant in the United States, growing vigorously in wet soils. It is par ticularly abundant in the upper Mississippi valley. The roots contain 22 per cent and the branches 17 per cent of tannin. Polygonum Bistorta is common in damp places in England. The roots contain 16-21 per cent of tannin. Smartweed (P. Hydropiper) is common in damp ground in northern and central United States, and contains about 5 per cent of tannin.
Coccoloba uvifera, the Seaside Grape of the West Indies, is the source of West Indian kino. The entire plant is rich in tannin.
Less important tannin plants.
Bearberry (Arctostaphylos Uva-UrsOis used in Russia and Finland. The twigs and leaves contain about 14 per cent of tannin.
Manzanita (Arctostaphylos Manzanita) is found in the coast region from British Columbia to California. The wool containing about 5 per cent, twigs about 8 per cent and leaves about 12 per cent of tannin.
"Curtidor" bark (1Veinmannia glabra, Linn.) of Vene zuela, (IVeinniannia macrostachya, D. C.), of Reunion and New Zealand Towsi or Tawheri bark (Weinmannia race mosa) contain 10 to 13 per cent of iron-bluing tannin, and have been practically used, but are not of much importance.
Tamarix (Tamarix Africans) is secured from Egypt and Algeria. The galls contain 26 to 56 per cent of tannin. The small twigs, which contain about 9 per cent of tannin, are collected in Tunis, and dried, ground and imported into Sicily where they are used for the adultera tion of sumac under the name of "Brusca." T. articulata from Morocco yields galls produced by aphides, stated by Vogel to contain 43 per cent of tannin.