Chores (Oxalis gigantea) is secured from Chile. Its thin, brittle, dark red bark contains about 25 per cent of an easily extracted dark red tannin, giving green-blacks with iron.
Cleistanthus collinus, "Kodarsi," is found in the Deccan. The bark is said to contain 33 per cent of tannin.
Phyllanthus Emblica, of India, yields emblic myro balans, which in an immature condition contain consid erable tannin. The leaves and bark are used for tanning. The leaves contain 18 per cent of tannin.
Willow bark (Salix species). The bark of willow shoots grown for basket-making contain 7 to 12 per cent of tannin, but the quantity of bark thus available is small. Salix arenaria and S. Russelliana. The bark of these is used for tanning in Russia, and for Danish grove leather. Some barks contain up to 12 to 14 per cent of iron-bluing tannin. They impart a strong odor to leather.
Poplar barks have been used for tanning, but contain only 2 to 3 per cent of tannin.
Persea, or Laurus Lingue. The bark is used in Chile for tanning Valdivia leather. It contains 17 to 19 per cent of a catechol-phloroglucol tannin.
Cape Sumac or Proim Bad (Osyris compressa, Fusanus eompressus, Colpoon compressum, Thesium, Colpoon) is found on the Cape of Good Hops. The leaves contain about 23 per cent of tannin and are used as a substitute or adulterant for sumac.
Quandony (Fusanus acuminates, Santalom acumi autos), of Australia, contains 18 to 19 per cent of dark colored tannin. The bark of Exocarpus cupressiformis, of Australia, contains 15 per cent of tannin.
Heath honeysuckle (Banksia serrata), of Australia, contains 11 to 23 per cent of tannin. Banksia integri folia, of Queensland, has 11 per cent of tannin in the bark. Greetllea striata, of Australia, has 18 par cent of tannin in the bark. Kruppelboom, or Knotted tree (Lett cospermum eonocarpum), of the Cape of Good Hope, con tains 10 to 22 per cent of tannin. Sugarbush (Protea mellifera), of Cape of Good Hope, yields 18.8 to 25 per cent of tannin. Waaoenboom (Protea yields 15 to 25 per cent of tannin. Silver tree (Leucadendron argenteuml, of the Cape of Good Hope, has 9 to 16 per cent of tannin in the bark.
Marsh Rosemary (Statice Limonium), of the south of Russia, contains 22 per cent of tannin. Sea Lavender (Statice Limonium), of the coasts and salt marshes of Europe and America, yields about 20 to 25 per cent of tannin. It is used in France, Spain and Portugal.
Nancite or Mangrutta (Malpighia punieifolia), grown in Nicaragua. The bark contains 20 to 30 per cent of light colored tannin.
Casuarina eguisetifolia, Linn. (C. leterifolia, Lam.) The bark is known as Filao bark in Reunion. It is the Tjamara laut of Java and the Casag,ha or Tinian pine of Ceylon. It gives blue-blacks with iron and contains 11 to 18 per cent of tannin. It is one of the beefwoods.
Sweet fern (Jlyrica [Comptonia] asplenifolia) grows wild on many thousands of acres in Michigan. It yields 40 per cent of "extract." The leaves contain 4 to 5 per cont and the roots 4 to 6 per cent of tannin. Myrica Nagi (Hind. Kaiphal), of India, contains 13 to 27 per cent of tannin in the bark.
The common alder (Alums glutinosa) contains 16 to 20 per cent of iron-green tannin, with much red coloring matter. Old barks maybe as low as 10 per cent in tannin. When used alone it gives a red, hard and brittle leather, but, with galls and valonia, it produces a satisfactory tannin.
Hannoki (Alums maritima) and Jlinibari (A. firma), of Japan. The fruits (yashi) contain 25 per cent of iron bluing tanning matter and little coloring matter. A. Nepalensis and A. nitida are used in India for tanning purposes.
White or common birch (Betula alba). The inner bark is used in Scotland (in conjunction with larch for tanning eheep-skinsl, Norway, Russia and elsewhere. It contains only 2 to 5 per cent of iron-greening tannin, and much fermentable sugar. It is used to produce the birch-bark tar used to give scent and insect-resisting power to "Russia-leather." Pomegranate (Panics Granalum). The peel of the fruit is employed in Spain and the East as a substitute for sumac, and contains up to 25 per cent of tannin. The bark is said to contain 25 per cent of tannin. Balaustines, or wild pomegranates, are found in the East Indies The fruit is said to contain 46 per cent of tannin.
Bloodroot or Shepherd's Knot (Tormentilla erects, Potentilla Tormentilla). The root is variously stated to contain 20 to 46 per cent of tannin. It produces a red colored leather.
Mountain Ash (Sorbus or Pyrus Aucuparia). The bark is said to be stronger than oak.
Butea .frondosa, with Pterocarpus Marsupium, fur nishes East Indian kino. The flowers are used in India as a dye, under the name of Tesu. The bark is fairly rich in tannin.
Pleroearpus, or Drepanocarpus Senegalensis, is the source of African kino, which contains up to 75 per cent of tannin.
Mango (Mangifera Indies) is widely distributed in the tropics. The bark and leaves are rich in tannin which gives green-blacks with iron.