BUCKUM. Him). Pterocarpus santalinus. BUCKWHEAT, Fagopyrum, sp.
Phalan, . . . CHENAB. Trio, Rjao, . . LADAKH. Darau, . . Bapu Drawodo, . PANJ. Kiau-meh, . . . CHIN. Tatarca, Gryka, . PoL. Suh„ . . . „ Obal, Phapara, . . RAVI. Die Sarraain, Bld Noir, Fa. Katu, Katu trap, . „ Buchweizen, . . GER. Gretscha, . . . Rus.
Heide Korn, . . . „ Trigo, Trigo Negro, SPAN.
Grano Saracen°, . IT. Ogal, Ulgo, Phapar, SUT.
Faggina, Fraina, . „ Bras,Bres, Karma bres, „ Trumba, Kala, Kamm& Tsabri, . . . • Fagopyrum emarginatum, Meisn., and F. escu lenturn, 111cench, both known as buckwheat, are cultivated abundantly in Central Asia and the Himalaya, at about 6000 feet on the Jhelum, 5000 to 10,000 on the Chenab, and on the Ravi 8000 to 9000. Dr. Thomson saw it at 13,000 feet in Zanskar, and Drs. Stewart and Cayley at 13,000 and 14,000 feet in Ladakh. Bears are more fond of this when growing than of any other food ; the leaves are much used in Lahul as a pot-herb: In the hills, the buckwheat grain is considered inferior to millet, but much is taken to the plains, where it is used by the Hindus on their bart ' or fast days, it being then phalahar,' or lawful. In
the neighbourhood of Hankow in China, the crop of F. esculentum is much depended on ; its small grain is very sweet and oily, and makes very nourishing food and pastry. The crop is cut before the frost. It is believed to be a native of Central Asia, and is supposed to have been first brought to Europe in the early part of the twelfth century, at the Hine of the crusades for the recovery of Syria from the dominion of the Saracens. In America, 30 to 60 bushels per acre are not unfrequently produced. The quantity of seed sown is 5 to 8 pecks the acre.—Simmonds, p. 259 ; Dr. J. L. Stewart ; 111‘Culloch; Smith, p. 44.