Tamarisk galls, from Tamarix articulata, T. ori entalis, and other species, are known to the Indian dyers and calico printers as_the main.
Tephrosia apollinea, of Nubia, and T. toxicaria, of the Nile.
Terminalia. Several specieri of this genus pro duce the commercial myrobalan fruits or nuts, which yield with alum a good durable yellow, and with salts of iron a black colour. Those of T. bellerica are used for dyeing cloth, also in tanning.
The bark and leaves of T. catappa are astringent, and with salts of iron yield a black pigment.
A decoction of the bark of T. chebula is employed in tanning leather, and is used as a mordant in dyeing. Its nuts, when mixed with alum, yield a (lye which chintz printers and carpet-weavers con sider their best and most durable yellow. Along with ferruginous mud, it gives a good and durable black dye ; and the outer coat of the rind with sulphate of iron yields a black dye, which is used by dyers and harness-makers. It forms an in gredient in dyeing red, along with sappan wood. All the madder-dyed cloths are first steeped in it. The dyers pound the outer rind of the fruit, and rnix it with water ; the cloth is simply dipped into this mixture. The colours obtained aro black with sulphate of iron, green with turmeric, dark blue with indigo, and brown along with catechu. It is used more as a concentrator of colour than as contributing much colour of its own.
The nut of T. chebula is the most valuable. The fruit consists of a white pentangular nut, of which the shell or covering is used both by dyers and tanners.
Terminalia arjuna. The inner bark is broken into chips and the dye extracted by boiling. It is one of the barks employed in producing the khaki brownish colour on cotton cloths. If the cotton yarn or cloth bas been previously dipped in a mordant solution of alum and myrobalans, a darker fast colour is produced.
In 1880-81, India exported 315,628 cwt., value Rs.12,37,087, and in 1881-82, 391,566 cwt., value Rs.14,44,925.
Thit-na-myeng of Akyab dyes yellow, and with oil and lac, a red colour is obtained.
Toddalia aculeata is a common shrub of the Peninsula. Its root has a yellow wood and yellow ish corky bark, which yield their colour to water. It is supposed to be the lopez root formerly famed in Europe. The root-bark sells at 3 to 5 annas the pound.
Turmeric dyes n dirty yellow with an alkaline earth.
Vateria Roxburghiana yields the piney varnish.
Ventilago acalyculata is said to be a native of Central and Northern India, and V. madera.spatana is found in Ceylon and the Indian Peninsula and Burma, and is employed by the native dyers to produce an orange-red dye. These two plants were for long confounded one with the other, and it is not yet known whether V. acalyculata is as rich in dyestuff as that of V. rnaderaspatana, which furnishes the puplay chukkay of the Tamil and the rakta pita of Bengal. V. maderaspatana is a climber. Its root-bark, combined with Hedy otis umbellata, yields a beautiful chocolate colour or brownish-purple, and with galls a black dye. It sells at 3 to 5 annas the pound. Its eolourint,0 matter occurs in the roots and wood of the plant. It is lased in Bangalore by the carpet-weaver& The dye is extracted by boiling the chips of the wood iu water. Simple dipping in the solution imparts the dye, but the colour is fleeting. If the cotton yarn or cloth have been previously dipped in a mordant solution of alum and myro balans, a darker colour, which is fast, is produoed. —Roxb. ; A inslie ; Crawford ; Mason ; Tomlinson ; 1114Culloch; Simmonds; Fortune; Exhibitions, 1851, 1862; Birdwood, Veg. Prod ; Maritime Com merce; Stat. Abst. ; Poole's Stat. of Comm. ; Ure's Dictionary ; Annual Statement of Trade.