FIREWOOD.
Bois de chauffage, . FR. I Lakri, HIND.
Brennholz, . . . GER. I Lena para el fuego, . SP.
Firewood is the chief fuel used in the E. Indies, and the less valuable trees of each locality are cut. On the east coast of the Peninsula the fuel woods used are— Canthium parviflorum. Randia dumetorum.
Hymenodyction excelsum. Anisonema multiflora.
Acacia speciosa. Cassia auriculata.
Gmelina Asiatica. Phyllanthus, sp.
Peltandra. Acacia leucophlwa.
Vatica laccifera. Maba buxifolia.
Grewia rotundifolia. Dichrostachys cinerea.
The fuel trees at Simla are chiefly— Quereus incana. Pinus excelsa.
Rhododendron. arboreu.m. Cedrus deodara. Andromeda ovalifolia.
with other jungle trees and stout underwood. At Kussowlee and Kanawar the contractors supply principally chir ' (Pinus'Iongifolia), which grows wild on the adjoining hill-sides, ane splits easily. The only forbidden wood is behul' (Grewia oppositifolia), which emits an offensive smell in burning. The villagers use as fuel the withered stems of Euphorbia pentagona and thorny bushes. , In the Panjab, the woods used are— Alsine, sp. Hippophae rhamnoides.
Artemisia sacrorum. Juniperus communis.
Calligonum polygonoides. Juniperus excelsus.
Caragana pygnama. Periploca aphylla.
Crozophora tinctoria. Rhazya stricta.
Ephedra Gerardiana. Bcvs, Webbiana.
Eurotia ceratoides. I Tanacetum tomentosum.
Near the Panjab railway lines, Phu181 (Acacia modesta) furnishes a hard wood, which is perhaps the best fuel given by any wild tree. It is only found in quantity near Amritsar and Jullundur.
Jhand or kandi (Prosopis spicigera) covers very large areas in the central tract near Lahore, and grows more partially over many parts to the south. Its wood is open-grained and softish, and is very 'subject to tho attacks of white ants ; but it furnishes a fair fuel, and has been the chief source of supply for the locomotives in the Panjab. Next to it, as to quantity of fuel furnished, come the tams.riska, furas, lei, pilehi etc. (Tamarix orientalis and T. Indica), which', from some miles south of Lahore, e,over hundreds of square miles of the low land. . A kiktu. or sissoo tree, under tolerably favoumble circumstances, attains a girth of about 30 inches in ten years, and gives about 4 maunds (328 lbs.) of dry- fuel. 200 trees yielding 800 =muds (65,600 lbs.) of dry fuel nnght be grown on an acre in ten years. Various species of SaLsolacese aboiuld in tbe more saline dry parts of the Doabs of the Panjab. West of tbe Bcas, Karil, the Capparis aphylla, a considerable shrub, is a common brick fuel in many places in the Panjab ; as also is the jal, wan, or pilu, Salvadom oleoides over-abuudant south of Lahore. Along some of the rivers in the south the bahn (Populua Euphratiea) is not uncommon, but its wood is very light. The smaller tamarisk, T. Indica, becomes fit for felling in eight or ten years. For the fuel of the Indus steamboats on the Delta, the mangrove is used.