GANJAM, a small seaport town in lat. 19° 22' 27" N., long. 85° 2' 52" E., with a population .of 4163 souls. It gives its name to a revenue district in the north-east of the Madras Presidency lying between lat. 18° 15' and 20° 15' N., and betiveen long. 83° 49' and 85° 15' E. ; area 8313 square miles, population 1,520,088. The chain of the Eastern Ghats is here known as the Maliya ; and its peaks are—Mahendragiri, 4923 feet ; Singharaj, 4976 ; and Deodonga, 4534. Ganjam anciently formed part of the southern kingdom of Kahuga, and it was not until the long line of Gajapati or Ganga Vansa kings (1132-1532) occupied Orissa that the adjoining district of Ganjam was annexed to that province. It suffered from famines in 1789, 1791, 1800, 1836, 1866 ; and in the last about 60,000 of the people were lost. The town of Gan jam was nearly deserted in 1815, in consequence of fever. The district contains several petty chief tainships, and it embraces a large portion of the mountainous tracts known as Khondistan, and the valley of Chocapaud. Chilka lake, in Ganjam, is 35 miles long and about 8 broad, with numerous islets. The aboriginal tribes inhabiting the hill tracts are principally Kandh (55,735) and Saura (21,656), who have now nearly all embraced some form of Hinduism. During a campaign in 1836, it became knoNvn that the Khand were addicted to sacrificing human beings, and the rite has now (1882) been suppressed. Uriya are chiefly found
in the north of the district, extending as far south as Parla Kimedi. South of Kasibuga, and through out the Chicacole division, the larger number of the inhabitants are Teling. The Uriya language pre vails in the northern part of the districts, as far south as Itchapore. In the southern division the Telug-u prevails. The Khand race have a language peculiar to themselves, which was reduced to writing by Captain J. P. Frye of the Madras N. I. Of the inhabitants, about 450,000 are Uriya. Many of the Uriya Brahmans obtain their livelihood as cultivators. Brahmans of this sect also trade, and follow the occupations of brickmakers, brick layers, etc. The chief towns of the Ganjam dis trict are Berhampur, Chicacole, Parla-Kimedi, and Kalingapatam. Chicacole is the principal civil station in the Ganjam district. It is in lat. 18° 18' N., long. 83° 58' E., about 567 miles from Madras, and has 15,587 inhabitants. It lies four miles direct west of the sea, and is situated on the north bank of the river Languliya. It is the station of the judge and the sub-collector.
GANJ-i-BAR, a bald tract in the central dorsal plateau in the Manja or middle part of the Bari doab. The soil of the Ganj-i-Bar is intensely arid, often saline, and produces only some salsola ceous plants, with a few bushes of jhand.