There are great differences in the physical structure of the races. As to height, the smallest among the peoples measured by Dr. A. Weis bach are the Hottentots (1286 millimetres). This is far behind any other people, as the next, the Tagals, are 1562. Then follow the Japanese (1569), the Amboinese (1594), Jews (1589), Zingani (1609), Australians (1617), Siamese (1622), Madurese (1628), South Chinese (1630), Nicobars (1631), Roumanians (1643), Sundanese (1646), Javanese (1657), Magyars (1058), Bugis (1661), North Sclaves (1671), North Chinese (1675), and Congo Negroes (1676). The longest measurements, however, are found among the Sandwich Islanders and Kanaks (1700 millimetres), Kafirs (1753), and the Maoris of New Zealand (1757). To compare these with the stature of European peoples, we find that that of the Eng lish and Irish is 1690 millimetres ; the Scotch, 1708 ; Swedes, 1700 ; Norwegians, 1728 ; Danes, 1685 ; Germans, 1680 ; French, 1667 ; Italians, 1608 ; and, lastly, Spaniards and Portuguese, 1658.
The mental characteristics of different races are markedly dissimilar. The old Aryans desig nated natural phenomena or the forces of nature according to the impressions made by these on their senses. They soon forgot the origin of these terms, which gave rise to endless myths. The Semites, on the contrary, gave to their gods names referring to abstract qualities, such as El, the Strong ; Bel or Baal, the Lord ; Bel-samin, the Lord of Heaven ; Moloch, the King ; Eliun, the Highest; Rain or Rimmon, the Exalted. These
terms, at first adjectives, became nouns, and the Jews forgot the derivation, and worshipped El and Baal as separate deities. The Semites, how ever, had an inherent tendency to spiritualize all things.
With the Hindus as with the Romans, there are domestic ceremonies when their youths and girls grow up. The dhoti of the Hindu men is an un seamed cloth worn by men as a wrapper around the lower limbs. It is kept up to the waist by a waist-belt of cord or of gold or silver, and recalls the Roman cingulum. And, as in Rome, when the ceremony of changing the toga prIctexta for the toga virilis was performed, the aurea bulls was taken from the boy's neck and consecrated to the domestic Lar, so in India, at the ceremony of investiture with the sacred thread, an identical ornament, a hollow hemisphere of gold, hung from a yellow cotton thread or chain of gold, is taken from the boy's neck, and the sacred cord, the symbol of his manhood, is put on him.— Birdwood, Indian Arts ; Report, Brit. Association; Darwin, Animals and Plants ; Origin of Species ; Bopp, Glossariunz Sanskrit= ; ilfuller's Lectures ; Peschel.
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