JUNIPERUS E X C ELSA. Biel).
Apurs, . Pencil cedar, . . ENO.
Shukpa, . . CuF.Nan. Chalai, . . . JHELUM.
Shur, ShUkpa, . LADAKH, SPIT'.
Lewar (deodar), „ Shurgu, . . . SUTLEJ.
The sacred juniper of the Kanawari and Tibetan is common in the upper and more arid parts of the basins of the Sutlej and Chenab, like wise in Ladakh, also in some numbers on tho Kunhar, a tributary of the Jhelum, and near the Safed Koh (Bellew), and on Chahaltau (Masson, etc.). Cleghorn gives the crest of the Dhauladhar, above Kangra, as a habitat, which is perhaps doubtful, as the climate there is moist. The elevational range may be put at 8000 to nearly 15,000 feet. At the higher altitudes it is only seen as a shrub, but at 10,000 feet acquires a considerable girth. The timber, which has the same fragrance as that (also produced by a juniper) from which pencils are made, is light, and not strong, but is employed as supports for water channels, and the heart-wood when in moist earth is nearly imperishable. In Lahoul it is also
used alternating with stones, for the walls of houses, as well as for beams. On the Sutlej some of the temples are built of it. In Kanawar, vessels made of it are much esteemed. The wood is used as incense by the Lamas. The twigs are used in several religious ceremonies, and the fruit is regularly burnt as incense. In Khagan, on the Kunhar, the small branches, under the name of Chalai ka dhup, are burned near the patient as a remedy for delirious fever. It is found in tho Sutlej valley between Rampur and Sungnam, at an elevation of 9000 to 12,000 feet, and there yields an excellent, light, odoriferous wood.—Thontson; Stewart; Cleghorn; O'Shaugh.; Eny. Cyc.