KALINGA is the Calingm proximi marl of Pliny. The ,anelent kingdoms of the Peninsula of India were the Pandiya, Chola, and Kalinga, and, B.C. 75, an expedition left the ancient Kalinga kingdom, and formed a colony in Java.
The Kalinga Chalukya dynasty ruled at Raja mundry and in the Northern Circars. The town of Kalingapatam alone remains to indicate the rule of that dynasty ; but the term Kling or Kalen is used in Burma to designate the people of the west of Burma, and the Hindu religion of the Javanese seems to have come from them.
The Gajapati was a sovereign race that ruled in Orissa. The name means Lord of the Ele phant. In the Northern Circars, Chicacole and Bajamundry were the capitals of the Andhra sovereigns, who ruled anterior to the Christian era. A more exact knowledge of these and of the early Buddhist princes of Vegi or Vengi Desam, who reigned:at Dara Nagara on the Kistna, near Amaravati, and at Vengipuram, are import ant desiderata.
An early name for the capital of Kalinga was Sinhapura, so called after its founder Sinhabahu, the father of Vijaya, the first recorded sovereign of Ceylon. In the inscriptions of the Kalachuri or Haibaya dynasty of Chedi, the rajas assume the titles of lords of Kalanjjwrapura, and of Tri Kalinga. Kalinjar is the well-known hill fort in Bundclkhand, and Tri. Kalinga, or the Three Kal ingiur, must be the three kingdoms of Dhanaka or Amaravati (on the Kistna), Andhra or Warangal, and Kalinga or Ilajamahendri (Rajamundry).
The Kalinga Chalukya dynasty ruled at Raja mundry and throughout the N. Circars. Extant
sasanams and sculptured remains exhibit several alternations of superiority between them and tho Gajapati of Orissa. The Ganapati or Kakateya dynasty ruled at Warangal, now in the Nizam's territory. It was once the capital of great part of the N. Circars. Of the Reddi rulers of Con davir little is known.
The succession of the Buddhist rulers by the Chalukya of Rajainundry, the subsequent sway of the Ganapati, Vema Reddi, and Rayel of Bijansgar, together with their contests and the various relations between them, are little known.
Tho Kalinga of Pliny certainly included Orissa, but latterly it seems to have been confined to the Telugu-speaking country ; and in the time of Iliwen Thsang (A.D. 630) it was distinguished on the south and west from Andhra, and on the north from Odra or Orissa. The language of the country is Telugu. The ppidits derive this name from Tri-linga, 'the country of tho three linga temples.' These were at Amaravati, Andhra, and Kalinga. Taranatha,'tho Tibetan historian, speaks of Kalinga as one division of the country of Telinga.
The Kalinga are mentioned by Pliny as occu pying the eastern coast of India, below the Mandel and Math, and the famous Mount Maleus. This mountain may perhaps be identified with the high range at the bead of the Kishikulya river in Ganjam, which is still called Mahendra Maid, or tho Mahendra Mountain.