KINO.
Dam•u1-akwain, . ARAB. Kino-harz, . . . GER. Pulas-gond, . . BENG. Kumr kusala, Kini, HIND. Padouk, . . . Burnt. Chino, IT. Gornme de kino, . FR. Tamble-hoan, . . Thar.
The kino of commerce is a product of the Ptero carpus marsupium of India, Linn.; Pt. erinaceus Poiret, of Senegambia ; the Pt. 1Vallichii and P. Indica or Padouk of Tenasserirn, the Butea rondosa of India, and the Eucalyptus resinifera f Australia. The juice of the Pt. erinaceus nd that of the Eucalyptus resinifera have much me same properties as the catechu, and have been roposed to be used in dyeing green. Although he colour of kino is a deep-red, it has the power f communicating a green colour to the salts of 'ton. The true medicinal gum-kino is obtained rom the Pt. marsupium ; but the juice of Pt. ndicus, Pt. Wallichii, and of Pt. Dalbergioides re said to be also dried and exported under the mine of kino ; and it is probable that the proper ies on which their value depends are of a general mature. Pt. Dalbergioides is found;in the northern parts of the Pegu province in the Prome district, hiefly in the vicinity of towns and inhabited -places, rarely in the forests. The kino of Botany Bay and Van Diemen's Land is the produce of the Eucalyptus resinifera, which sometimes yields, on incision, 60 gallons of juice. The East Indian kino, imported from Bombay and Tellieherri, is the produce of Pt. marsupium, a lofty, broad spreading forest tree, which blossoms in October and November. The bark is of a greyish colour, and is upwards of half an inch in thickness on the trunk. When cut, a blood-red juice speedily exudes and trickles down ; it soon thickens, and becomes hard in the course of 15 or 16 hours. The gum is extracted in the seasons when the tree is in. blossom, by making longitudinal in
cisions in the bark round the trunk, so as to let the gum ooze down a broad leaf, placed as a spout, into a receiver. The gum is dried in the sun until it crumbles, and then filled in wooden boxes for exportation. Pt. erinaceus, a tree 40 to 50 feet in height, a native of the woods of the Gambia and Senegal, furnishes a king. Butea frondosa, or the dliak tree of the East Indies, furnishes a similar product- in the shape of a milky-coloured, brittle, and very astringent gum.
Some specimens of Butea kino, analysed by Prof. Solly, after the impurities had been separated, yielded 73i per cent. of tannin. Kino generally occurs in shining grains, of a rich ruby-red colour, nearly all soluble in alcohol, and readily pulverizable between the fingers. It also occurs in small and shining, brittle, angular fragments of a deep-brown colour, which appears to be a natural exudation of some one plant, from the uniformity of its appearance. The gum of Butea frondosa was at one time acknowledged by the Dublin College, and Botany Bay kino, produced by Eucalyptus resinifera, or brown gum tree, by the Edinburgh College. The best is now im ported into Great Britain from Bombay. The name is derived from the Indian term kini, applied to a similar exudation from the bark of Butea frondosa, of which the Sanskrit name is Kin-suka. Gum-kino is used medicinally as an astringent, and in India to dye cotton cloth of a nankeen yellow.—IVaterstone; Faulkner ; Rrwle, Him. JJot. p.195 ; Proc. Royal Asiatic Soc., 1838 ; ill'Clelland; Cullen MSS.