The Yusufzai Pathans inhabit the hills north of the Peshawur district, and the Yusufzai division of that district lies between lat. to 3' N., and long. 71° 55' to 40' E. ; area, about 2000 sq. m. ; population, 98,977. They claim that their ancestor Mandai had two sons, Uinta. and Yusuf. Umar left one son named Mandan, from whom and Yusuf the tribe are descended. Mandan had seven sons, from whom sprang the Usmanzai, the Utmanzai, and the Rajar.
Yusuf had five sons, viz. Uria surnamed Badi, the founder of the Badi Khel, Isa of the Isazai, Musa of the Musazai, whose son Dias founded the Iliazai, Mali of the Malizai, and Ako of the Akoza;. There is also a Yusufzai clan called Runzai.
The total population of the Mandan branch is 140,000 souls with 30,000 fighting men, and of the Yusufzai, 106,000 souls with 43,200 fighting men. About the year 1873 there were 793 Yusufzai serving in the Bengal army and 364 in the Panjab force. Besides the Yusufzai, their district had in its population, Gujar Awan 3000. Kashmiri 6000, Hindki 10,000, Mula slaves and Hindus. The Gujar are Muhaminadans ; they form the entire population of many villages; they culti vate the lands, paying rent, and are also cattle graziers. They number about 75,000 souls, and are a fine athletic race.
The II indki are mechanics, artisans, and traders, have the following guilds amongst others,— Charikar, ploughmen ; Dum or Mirasi, musicians; Gadba or Rawanri, shepherds, graziers ; Musalli, sweepers; and Shahkail, cotton cleaners. All the Hindki are termed Hamsaya (neighbour) or Fakir (beggar). The slaves were descendants of war prisoners ; the men are called Mrai and the women Windza. They are beyond the frontier.
The Mula number 34,000. They have two sections, Astanadar or Buzurg and the Mula, both of them holy classes. The Hindus are nearly all Khatri, and number 22,000.
The Yusufzai, formerly nomades, are now agri culturists and traders. They are superstitious, proud, greedy, and revengeful ; they observe their religious rites of prayer and pilgrimage, almsgiving (Zakat, Khairat, and Ashar) and fasting. They are boastful of their descent and prowess, and demand, Am I not Pukhtun ? They are hospitable ; but so soon as the guest leaves he might be robbed or murdered by his late host. Their honour, Nang-i-Pukhtana, is
satisfied with Badal or retaliation; Nanawati, sheltering a guest ; and Mailmastai, feeding a stranger.
They are suspicious and jealous of their women ; the abuse or slander of one's female relatives was only to be washed out by blood ; and not un frequently the slandered one, whether guilty or innocent, was murdered to begin with. They do not treat their women with respect or confidence. Elopements (Matiza) are one of the most fruitful causes of feuds. They are dirty in their persons and clothes. They are fond of field sports, and in disposition are lively, merry, fond of music and recitations. The women are uneducated, and coarse and obscene in their conversation. On a death occurring, the women of the quarter assemble for the vir or wuzar lamentation.
The Mandan division of the Yusufzai number 1000 souls, with 80,000 to 100,000 of other races settled amongst them. They can muster 25,000 to 30,000 armed men. They have seven kliel or clans.
The Utmanzai is a division of the 'Mandan.
The Bazar section of the Mandan comprises five of the seven sections of that division. They all reside in the British district of Yusufzai, and give their names, Ako Malikzai, Manizai, Khidaizai, and Mamuzai, to their respective sub divisions. Tho Mamuzai rebelled during the mutiny of 1857, but were subdued.
The Akozai is a division of the Utmanzai clan of the Mandan Yusufzai. They are located be yond the British frontier, and occupy the south spurs of 31ahaban, on the right bank of the I al us.
The Khudu Khel section of the Saddozai division of the Utmanzai Mandan Yusufzai inhabit the north slopes of the Sar Patai mountain. They are said to have 1500 or 1800 fighting men. They gave trouble to the British in 1857, and a force under General Cotton moved against them in 1858.
Isazai is a division of the Yusufzai clan.
The Akozai division of the Isazai clan of Yusufzai inhabit the western slopes of the Black Mountain on the Hazara border. They have four sections or khel, Barat, Aziz, Tansan, and Painda, and can muster 1165 fighting men. They have been troublesome on the Agror border.