MONKEY, Ape, Baboon, Gibbon.
Kird, Mainnin, . ARAB. Cephus, . . . . LAT. Sadan, . . . . „ Kcibi, Kubbi, . . PERS.
Cepb, . . . . ETHIOP. Kaki, SINGH.
Kephos, Kepos, . . GR. Mono, Sr.
Koph, . . . . HER. Korangu, . . . Tam. Bandr, . . . . HIND. Kothi, . . . . TEL. Scimia, Bertnecia, . IL Mayinfm, . . . TURK.
The monkeys are arranged by zoologists into two great groups, which are as distinct in their anatomical characters as they are in their geo graphical distribution : 1. The monkeys of the eastern hemisphere (Cater rhinx), inhabiting Africa, Arabia, India, Japan, China, Ceylon, and the islands of the Indian Archipelago.
2. The monkeys of the western hemisphere (Platyr rhinre), inhabiting the warmer portions of Central and Southern America.
The Catarrhinm are characterized by nostrils which converge at their lower extremity, and are there only separated by a very narrow cartilage. Their dentition is the same as in man, consisting of eight incisor teeth, four canines, and twenty molars.
Monkeys of the Old World may also be divided into—(1) Apes, without a tail, to which the prangs and gibbons belong ; (2) Monkeys pro perly so called ; and (3) Baboons.
The apes, sub-fain. Simiame, comprise the chimpanzee and gorilla of Africa, and the orangs of Borneo and Sumatra. The gibbons are pecu liar to the hide-Chinese countries, and Malayana, Sylhet, Cachar, Assam, Khassya, Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, and Archipelago.
The various kinds of ape seem to have been made known to the Hebrews, Greeks, and Romans by specimens brought from Africa and India ; those of the Hebrews probably from India, the Hebrew name Koph being almost the same as the Sanskrit Kapi. Apes, gold, and ivory could, however, have beep got many parts of Africa, as Well as from the south and east of Asia, and their Sanskrit, Ethiopian, Hebrew, Greek, and Persian names,—Kapi, Ceph, Koph, Kephos or Kepos, Keibi, and Kubbi,—are identical, and show that the apes may have been brought from any of those regions ; the Singhalese, Tamil, and Telugu names, Kaki, Korangu, and Kothi, are less similar. Had the Hebrew ships visited the isles in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, or Borneo, they would have known of the Simia satyrus, the orang-utang of Malacca and Sumatra, the Mia of Borneo, or have seen the Siamanga syndactyla, the long arms of which measure 5 feet 6 inches across in an adult about 3 feet high. Mr. A. Russell Wallace has given the names for monkey in thirty-three of the Eastern Archi pelago, none of which have any resemblance to the Kapi, Kubbi, or Koph of the Sanskrit, Egyp tian. and Hebrew, but one of them, the Kurango
of Balanghitam in N. Celebes, is ahnost identical with the Tamil Korangu. The names are Aruka of Morella, Amboyna.
Babah of Sanguir, Sian.
• Balanghitam of N. Celebes.
Bohen of Menado. Budess Javanese. Dare of Bouton. Kesi of Camarian, and Teluti in Ceram.
Kees of Amblaw, and of Cajeli, Wayapo, and Massa ratty in Bourn and Batumerah.
Kesel of Cajeli. Kurango in N. Celebes.
Lebi of Matabello.
Lek of Teor, and Gab in Ceram.
Luka and akar of Teluti, Ahtiago, and Tobo of Ceram. Meiram of the Alfura, Ahtiago in Ceram.
Mia of the Sulu Islands, Tidore and Galela of Gilolo. Miunyeet, Malay.
Mondo of the Raw. • Kok of Gani, Gilolo. • Roke of Bouton, Celebes.
Rua of Larike and Saparua.
Salayer of S. Celebes.
Sift of Liang in Amboyna.
Yakiss of Wahai in Ceram.
The ancient Egyptians are said to have wor shipped monkeys. Some of them in India are still worshipped, and where thus protected, they are very troublesome, often even dangerous.
Raja Krishna Chunder Roy is said to have pro cured monkeys from Gooptiparah, and to have married them at Krishuuggur, and on the occasion to have _invited pandits from Naddya, Goopti parah, Ula, and Santipur. The expenses of the nuptials cost about half a lakh of rupees.
Monkeys appear to frequent regions exceeding 11,000 feet in height, the Presbytis schistaceus, Hodgs., ascending higher than others. These langur have been frequently seen, more especially in Garhwal and Simla, at the height of 11,000 feet, ' leaping and playing about at this elevation,' as Captain Hutton says, while the fir trees among which they sported were loaded with snow wreaths.' The Macacus rhesus, Audeb., is met with as well in India (particularly in Bengal and Assam) as in the Himalaya, where it frequents heights of about 8000 feet. Turner mentions having seen a large troop of these animals in Bhutan, which are in held in great veneration; but in Western Tibet, and farther to the north, no monkeys have yet been found.
Cynopitecus nigreseens is 'the' black baboon monkey of Celebes.
In Ceylon there are five species of monkeys, four of which belong to one group, the Wanderoos, and the other is the little graceful, grimacing rilawa (Macacus pileatus, Shaw and Desmarest), which is the universal pet and favourite of both natives and Europeans. The Tamil conjurors teach it to dance.—Tr. of a Hind. v. i. p. 19. See Mammalia, p. 836.