The principal authors who have written on the insects of Eastern and Southern Asia, are Hors field, F. Moore, Drury, Nietner, Wallace, West wood, Wood-Mason.
Himalayan entomology in character is both Asiatic and European, and the intermingling of forms of temperate and tropical climes is one of its most distinguishing peculiarities. In its valleys southern forms predominate over northern ; and to the uninterrupted belts of jungle stretching along the mountain ranges, we may trace several tropical phytyvorous genera far beyond their apparent natural limits. Some carnivorous insects are also found ranging far to the north in the Himalayas, an example of which is Anthia 6-guttata, a well known native of the tropics ; the specimens, however, are mere dwarfs compared with those of Peninsular India. Among the Cicindelidm, Col liuris appears • among the Carabidm, we find Desera, Omphra, and Cyclosomus ; among the Lamellicornes, Euchlora, Mimela, and Dicrano cephalus ; and to these may be added Anisotelus belonging to Telephoridm, and Podontia and Phyllocharis to the Chrysomelidm ; all of these are attached to warm countries, and some, indeed, are seldom found but within the torrid zone. Many genera from the Himalayas evince an affinity to European types ; various Himalayan genera closely approximate Siberian forms ; and some of the species described by Dr. Gebler from the Altaic chain of mountains, particularly some Chrysomelidte, are believed to be indigenous in both regions. Some few, however, are worth noticing, such as Broscus and true Carabus, Geotrupes and Pimelia. Several species of the following genera of Coleoptera occur in the Him alayas, as well as in Europe, namely, Elater, Melolontha, Chrysomela, Cassida, and Coccinella. Among the carnivorous insects, Dermestes lar darius and vulpinus, Corynctes violaceus and rufipes, and some of the Staphilinidm, are essen tially the same in Europe and the Himalayas. Of Lepidoptera, Papilio machaon is evidently the same as that met with in England ; the same remark will apply to Vanessa Atalanta and Cynthia cardui.
A greater number of species of Lepidoptera are disseminated throughout the world than of any other order. In Asia and Europe, we meet with Papilio machaon, Gonepteryx rhamni ; with some species of Coliaa and Poutia, with Vanessa Atalanta and Cynthia cardui ; and to these may be added several identical Sphinoffice, particularly Acherontia Atropos, Deilephila, and Celerio. Among the Noctuidm, Geometridm, Tortricidm, and Tineidm, many species will also be found inhabitants of both continents. In the Orth optera, some Gryllidm are common to countries remotely situated, which may partly be accounted for by their migratory habits. Among the Blat tidm, several tropical species range widely ' - some of them have become naturalized even in a northern climate; • and Indian, Brazilian, and New Holland species live in the houses of London. Among the eastern Neuroptera there occur various Libbe lulinm and Hemerobiidm, closely resembling Eng lish species.
Among the Hymenoptera may be noticed the universal ranger, Evania appendigaster, ever attendant on Blatta, some Ichneurnonidm, Cra bronidm, Apidm, and Vespidm,—all of them pre senting identical species with those of Britain.
In referring to the Diptera may be mentioned the orange-fly, the same in England, India, and America ; the gnats and mosquitoes, common to the four quarters of the globe, alike the pest of the Indian and Laplander ; and, lastly, various species of inusca. Passing by the Aptera, and the various parasites of birds, quadrupeds, and of luau himself, we find among the l lemiptera several identical species of Pentatoma, Roduvius, Tetyra, besides Citnex lectularius, the scourge of all countries and climates.
Chinese insects were described by Fabricius and Dunovan. Mr. Hope, in March 1842, published half a century of the Colcoptera of Canton and Chusan, collected by Dr. Cantor. Part of Mr. Bowring's Colcoptera and Ilomoptera of Hong Kong and neighbourhood, were published in the .Annals of Natural History, 1844, by Mr. Adam White.