PARMELIACE.E. The lichen tribe of plants, the Lichenacem of Lindley, are perennial plants, often spreading over the surface of the earth on rocks or trees, in dry places, in the form of a solid and foliaceous, or hard and crustaceous or leprous substance called a thallus. Many of the same species are found in different parts of the world ; the lichens of N. America differing little from those of Europe, and almost all those collected by Dr. Hoyle in the Ilimalayaa were found by D. Don to he identical with European species.
lisuca florida, Ach., syn. of Lichen tloridus, L. U. barbata, AM., syn. of L. barhatus, L.
Itorrera ciliaris, Ark., syn. of L. ciliaris, L.
B. asImeh, 1?oyle, It. forturacea, Ach., syn. of L. furfuraccus, L. Rocelln fizcifonnis, Ach., eyn. of L. fuciformis, L.
R. tinctoria, Ach., Orchid.
Cetraria Islandica, Arh., Iceland moss.
C. nivalis, Ach.
Alectoria usneoides, Ach.
Cladonia rangiferina, Hera.
Hemline farinacea, AM., syn. of L. farinaceus, L. Gyrophora murina, Ach., syn. of L. murinue, Arh. G. densta, Ach.
G. pustulate, AM.
Peltidea canine, Ach., aye. of L. caninus, L.
Parrnelia perlata, Ach., syn. of L. perlatus, L. I'. caperats, Ach., syn. of L. caperatus, L.
I'. physodes, Ach., syn. of L. physodes, L.
P. saxatilis, Ach.
omphalodes, Arh.
1'. cucausta, Ach.
P. conapersa, AM.
P. parietina, Ach.
P. Kamtschadalis, Esch.
Sticts. pulmonaria, Ach., syn. of L. pulmonarius, L.
S. ecrobiculata, Ach., of L. scrobiculatus, L.
S. pulmonaria, AM.
Stereo-caulon paschale, Ach., syn. of L. paschalis, L. Lecanora parella, .Ach., Orseille de terre, l'erelle d'Auvergne.
L. tartarea, Ach., Cudbear.
L. Inematomnia, Ach.
I,. atm, Ach.
Veriolaria lactea, Ach.
Urceolaria scripts, Ach.
U. cinerea, Ach.
Isidium Westringii, Ach.
Lepraria chlorine, Ach.
Solorina crocea, Ach.
Some lichens are useful to man as food and medicinally ; others, after maceration in urine, can be employed as dyes, the chief dye plants being the Lecanora parella, also the purple powder of L. tartarea, or cndbear, from Cuthbert, who intro duced it ; P. Inematomma, Rocelfa tinctoria, and R. fuciformis furnish the orchil or archill dye, called also Orseille des Canaries. The Borrera aslineh is a common dye in India. The nutritive properties depend on the presence of an amylaceous substance analagous to glutone, which Benefit's says exists in the form of pure starch or amylace ous fibre to the amount of per cent, in Cetraria Islandica.— l'oigt; Eng. Cyc. See Dyes.