Panicachle
Panicachle, The Grass Tribe Of Plants, The Graminacem Of Lindley, An Exceedingly Numerous Order, Comprising Both Land And Water Plants, But No Marine Ones. They Occur In Every Soil, Alone Or Along With Other Plants, And From The Frigid Zone To The Tropics. Many Tropical Grasses Are, Like The Bamboos, ...
Panicum
Panicum, The Millet Genus Of Grasses Of Tho Order Of Panic,acem. Species Of The Genera Era Grostris, Panicum, Pennisetum, Poa, Rotbiilla, Saccharuni, And Villa Are The Grasses Of The Doab. Tho Seeds Of Panicum Italieurn, Miliaceum, Millare, And Sanguinale Are Used Aa Food For Man, Cattle Are Fond Of P. ...
Panini
Panini, A Sanskrit Grammarian Who Founded The Present System Of Sanskrit. He Is The Most Celebrated Of Those Grammarians Whose Sutras Have Come Down To Us, Though He Himself Mentions Many Who Preceded Him. According To Bunsen (iii. P. 565) And Bohtlink, He Lived B.c. 350, But Howson Names The ...
Panipat
Panipat, An Ancient Town In Lat. 29° 23' N. Long. 77° 1' 10* E., In The Kurnool District Of The Panjab, 53 Miles N.w. From Dan, With A Poptila. Tion In 1868 Of 25,276. It Has Been Supposed By Some To Be One Site On Which The Kurt' And Pandu ...
Panjab
Panjab, A Frontier Province In The Extreme N.w. Of British India, Lying Between Lat. 27° 39' And 35° 2' N., And Long. 69° 35' And 78° 35' E. It Is Partly British Territory, Comprising Tho Revenue Districts Of Dehli, Hissar, Ainbala, Jullundhur, Amritsar, Lahore, Rawal Pindi, Multan, The Dehrajat, And ...
Panohala
Panohala, The Country North And West Of Dehli Between The Foot Of The Himalaya And The Chambal. It Was In The Dominion Of A Race Who Were Ruling In India At The Time Of The Kuru And I'andava Strife. Their Away Extended Through The Whole Southern Doab Beyond Benares, As ...
Papave R Som Ni
Papave R Som Ni Fe R Um. Lints. Poppy. Var. (a) With White Seed. I Var. (14 With Black Seed. Khash Kash Aswad, Arad. . . Malay. Pasto, . . . . Beng. Bunga.madat, „ Mukon, . . . . Ga. Khash-khash,kunar,pram. Koknar, Post, . Hind. . . . 8ansc. ...
Paper
Paper. Warak , Kartas, Ar., Tam. Kaghuz, . . . .' Pers. Papir, Dan. Papal, . . . Port., Sp. Papier, . . . Fr , Ger. Bumangna, . . . Rua. Carta, Charta, . Ir , Lat. Paper Of Various Qualities Is Made Throughout All The Countries In The ...
Papilionidx
Papilionid.x. Liach. The Butterfly Family Of The Order Lepidoptera, Linn., Comprising The Genera, Ornithopteras, Boisd. ; Papilio, Linn. ; Pontia, Fabr. ; Pteris, Schr.; Callosnne, Doubl. ; Doubl. ; Thestias, Boisd. ; Hebomoia, Hubs. ; Eronia, Flubs. ; Callidryas, Boisd. ; Terias, Swain. The Genus Papilio Includes All The Flies. ...
Papuan
Papuan, A Negroid Race Occupying New Guinea And Its Neighbouring Islands In The Eastern Archi Pelago, And Extending From New Guinea Eastward Through The Louisiade And Solomon 'archipelagos To The New Hebrides, Where It Co-exists With Some Tribes Of Malaya-polynesians, And Still Farther To The Fiji Islands, Which Are The ...
Para Sanse
Para. Sanse. Strange, Foreign, Supreme, Infinite ; Hence Parabara, Sansk., The Most High ; But Para Baravasta, As Conceived By The Hindus, Is Not The True Supreme Being. As An Immaterial Being, It Is The Universal Spirit ; As A Material Being, It Is The Universe ; • The Masculine ...
Paradise Birds
Paradise Birds, Papua Birds. Burong Mats, . , . Aar. Ave De Fardiso,. . Posy. Manuk Devats, . . Jav. Burong Papua, . . Tuts. Burong Devata, . Maur. Soffu, Sioffu, . . . „ , . Of The Various Birds Of Paradise, Named By The Indians Birds Of Ternate ...
Paradise Fly Catcher
Paradise Fly-catcher, Tchitrea Pars Disi, Linn., Shah Bulbul Or Rocket-bird, Though Not Common, Its Singularly Attractive Plumage Can Scarcely Escape Observation. The Adult Male Has A Blue Head, White Body, With Two Of The Feathers Prolonged For Upwards Of 8 Inches Beyond The Tip ; These, In The Female, Scarcely ...
Parasu Rama
Parasu-rama, A Brahman, Supposed To Have Lived N.c. 1176, Who Gave His Name To An Era, Used Still On The Malabar Coast, From Mangalore To Cape Comorin. Ile Was Son Of Jamadagni, A Brahman, And Was Apparently A Village Hero, But His Name Is Associated With Many Fabulous Hindu Legends. ...
Parchment
Parchment. Parchemin, . . . . It. I Pergament, . . . Ger. Pergamino, . . . Sr. Parchment Consists Of The Skins Of Sheep And Goats, Prepared In Such A Manner As To Render Them Suitable For Being Written Upon. It Is Now Chiefly Employed For Charters And Other ...
Pariah Or
Pariah Or Pariar. Holeyar, . . . Can. Paraiyan, . . . Tam. Dher, Hind. Paraiyar, . „ Mhar, Mina. Paraiyadi Kiravan, Paravan, . . Maleal. Malls Vadoo, . .tel. Pariah Is A Tamil Term, Applied To An Aboriginal People Scattered Throughout Southern India, Often Adhering To A Shamanism. They ...
Parmeliacee
Parmeliace.e. The Lichen Tribe Of Plants, The Lichenacem Of Lindley, Are Perennial Plants, Often Spreading Over The Surface Of The Earth On Rocks Or Trees, In Dry Places, In The Form Of A Solid And Foliaceous, Or Hard And Crustaceous Or Leprous Substance Called A Thallus. Many Of The Same ...
Paropamisus
Paropamisus, A Name Applied By The Ancient Greeks And Romans To The Mountainous Region Between Herat And Balkh On The Nay. And Ghazni And Kandahar On The S.e. In This Extent It Comprises What Are Now Known To Be Several Distinct Ranges, And The Old Name Loss Ceased To Be ...
Parrotia Jacquemontiana
Parrotia Jacquemontiana. Dec. Killer, Kirru, Pare, Chen. Killar, . . . Ravi Wych Hazel, . . En6. Sha, Sutlej Psher, Pishor; . Jiielum. Spilecha, . Tr.-indus Pahu, Po, . . Kangra. A Shrub Of Some Size, Which Grows Abundantly In Many Places On Most Of The Rivers Up To Tin ...
Parsee
Parsee, A Name Given To The Zoroastrians, Now Scattered Through Different Parts Of Southern Asia, But Principally Located In Bombay And Gujerat. They Are Called Parsee Because They Came To India From Pars Or Fars, The Province Of Persia Known As Persis By The Greeks. They Are Of That Aryan ...
Partiiia
Partiiia, The Country Of An Ancient Dominant Race Of Scythian, Known To The Romans By This Name. Under The Form Parthava, Also Parma, They Are Mentioned In The Time Of The Achaemeraidre. For Centuries They Maintained The Independence In The East Against The Romans. The Rulers Were As Under :— ...
Partridge
Partridge. Hajal, . . . Ahab. I Teetr, . . . Hind. Perdix, . . . Fa., Sp. Pernicc, . . . . It. 1zebhuhli, . . . Ger. Keklik, . . . Turf. Partridges Belong To The Tetraonid:e And Sub Family Perdicinie, And The Chief Species In The East ...
Parvati
Parvati, Generally Written Parbatti, A Hill Of Considerable Height, South Of The City Of Poona, On The Summit Of Which Is A Temple In Honour Of Parvati, Consort Of Mahadeva. This Temple Is Much Resorted To, And When Lighted Up Ou Great Occasions, It Shows Well, And From Its Top ...
Pashm Hind
Pashm. Hind. Wool, Shawl-wool; The Fine Wool Which Forms The Material Of The Shawls Generally In The Panjab. Pashm And Pashmina Are Specially Applied To The Fine Shawl-wool Of Turfan And Changthan, It Is Produced Abundantly In The Eastern Provinces Of Bod, As Far As Lhassa. The People Of U-chang, ...
Passes
Passes. Ghat, . . . Hon. I Jap The Following Are The Principal Passes Bound Ing British India, And Traversing Many Of The Provinces And Regions Within The Frontier:— In The Southern Part Of The Peninsula Of India Is The Valley And Gap Or Pass Of Palghat, Leading To The ...
Pataliputra
Pataliputra, The Palibothra Of Greek Writers. It Was The Capital Of The Nanda Dynasty And Of The ?laurya Dynasty, Which Was Founded By Chandragupta, And Which Succeeded The Nanda As Rulers Of Magadha. When Hiwen Thsaug, In The Beginning Of The 5th Century, Entered The Capital Of Magadha, The City, ...
Patalpuri
Patalpuri Is A Remarkable Place, Most Probably Once Above Ground, But On Which Two - United Rivers Have Deposited Their Silt And Formed A Soil. A Cave Leads To A Spacious Square Temple, About Seven Feet High, The Roof Of Which Is Sup Ported By Thick Walls And Ranged Of ...
Patamar
Patamar, A Vessel Employed In The Coasting Trade Of Bombay To Ceylon. Patamar Vessels May Be Considered The Best In India, As They Sail Remarkably Well, And Stow A Good Cargo Of Mer Chandise. They Are Grab-built, That Is, With A Prow Stem, Which Is The Same Length As The ...
Pathan
Pathan, A Name Applied In A Loose Manner To All The Tribes Bordering On The Common Frontiers Of India, Afghanistan, Persia, And Balkh. The People Are Now Found In All Parts Of British India, Mixed Withthe Rest Of The Inhabitants. The Greatest Colony Is That Founded Chiefly By The Yusufzai ...
Patna
' Patna, A City On The Right Bank Of The Ganges In Bengal, In Lat. 25° 37' 15' N., And Long. 85" 12' 31" E., With A Population Of 158,900 Souls. It Gives Its Name To A Revenue District, And To A Revenue Commissionership, The Latter Of 23,72g Square Miles, ...
Patshala
Patshala, A Village School Of Bengal. The Discipline In The Patshalas Is Very Cruel. The Calcutta Review Mentions That A Boy Is Made To Bend Forward With His Face Towards The Ground ; A Heavy Brick Is Then Placed On His Back, And Another On His Neck ; And Should ...
Pattadari
Pattadari, A Lease Of Land. In India, Under British Rule, Are Three Land Tenures, One Known As The Zamindari, Or Permanent Settlement, Made In 1793 By Lord Cornwallis, Of Bengal Proper, And Since Then Extended To Behar And Orissa. In This The Lands Are Divided Amongst Landlords, Who Pay A ...
Patwari
Patwari. Limn. In Hindustan, A Village Accountant, Responsible For Keeping The Accounts Of The Village, Noticing Changes In The List Of Pro Prietors, And Accounting Between The Headman Or Lamberdar And The Proprietors For The Share Of Revenue Paid By Each. In The Dekhan And Southern India, The Village Accountant ...
Pe Tali
Pe. Tali. Wild, Uncultivated ; A Devil. Pea, Pisum Arvense, P. Sativum. The Pea Is Grown As A Vegetable Throughout All The Southern And Eastern Parts Of Asia, Wherever Europeans Reside. It Is A Well-known Leguminous Plant, Of Which Two Species Are Commonly Distin Guished In Britain,—the Grey Field-pea, And ...
Peach
Peach, Amygdalus Persica. Khookh, . . . Arab. Aroo, Shaft-alu, . Hind. T'au, Ping-t'au, . Chin. Accusare, . . . . It. Hoh-t'au, Sien-kwo Shaft-alu, . Pmts., Turk. 'fr Kardi, Kulloo, Aroo Pfirsiche, . . . . Gee. Coton, . . . Sr.' The Peach Was Introduced. Into Europe From ...
Pearl
Pearl. Pearls Are Found In Several Molluscs Inhabiting Shallow Seas And Sandbanks In The Old And New World, But The Most Productive Mollusc Is The Meleagrina Margaritifera Or Avicula Margaritifera, The Pearl Oyster ; And The Best Known Localities Are The Persian Gulf, The West Coast Of Ceylon In The ...
Pegu Or
Pegu Or Pai-gu, An Administrative Division Of The Province Of British Burma. Area, 9159 Square Miles ; Population (1881), 2,323,512. Pegu, Its Chief Town, Was Captured 3d June 1852, And Pegu District Was Annexed By Proclamation On 20th December 1852. Pegu Has Four Great Mountain Ranges: The Range Separating Arakan ...
Pekea
Pekea, A Genus Of Plants Inhabiting Guiana, Of The Genus Caryocar Of Modern Botanists, And Which Might Advantageously Be Introduced Into India. Catyocar Nuciferum Hears The Suwarrow Or Saouari Nuts Of Commerce. The Fruit Is In Form Like An Egg, Covered With A Thick Rough Brown Rind, Beneath Which Is ...
Peking Or
Peking Or Pekin, In Hut. 39° 54' N., Long. 116° 32' E., Lies North-west From The Entrance Of The Pei-lio River, About 114 Or 120 Miles Inward. Pekin Means Court Of The North, And Nankin Court Of The South, Both Of Them Large Towns. Pekin Is The Present Capital Of ...
Pelican
Pelican, A Genus Of Birds Of The Family Pelecanidte. The Pelican Is Said To Breed On Palmyra Trees On The Godavery, In The Midst Of Populous Villages, Within Reach Of The Hand. L'elicans And A Species Of Stork Have For Long Built Their Nests In A Tope Near The Village ...
Penates
Penates, Amongst The Ancient Romans, Were Gods Corresponding To The Pitri Of The Hindus A Knowledge Of Their Gods Is Useful In Explainin The Hindu Deities. Amongst The Romans The Gods Were Arranged Into De Majorumentimn And Dii 'ininorum Pentium. The Dii Majorurr Gentium Were The Great Celestial Deities, And ...
Peninsula
Peninsula. In The South And East Of Asia There Are Several Peninsulas, As That Of Arabia, The Peninsula Of Gujerat, The Peninsula Of India, And That Of Malacca. India, South Of The Yindhya Range And Of The Nerbadda River, Is Termed The Peninsula By The British, But The Hindus And ...
Peonia
P..eonia Plants Were Formerly In Great Repute As A Medicine ; And Dioscorides Gives 16 Names By Which The Drug Was Known. Peeonia Corallina, Ud-salap, Hind., Is One Of The Pmonia Of Dioscorides. Its Root Occurs As Irregular, Flattened, Woody Masses, With A Brown Ish Epidermis, And Fibrous, With Numerous ...
Periplus
Periplus Of The Erythmin Sea, A Book By A Greek Merchant, Which Contains The Best Account Of The Commerce Carried On In The Early Part Of The Christian Era, From The Red Sea And The Coast Of Africa To The E. Indies. He Seems To Have Traded At Berenike, A ...
Permanent Settlement
Permanent Settlement Is A Revenue Term In British India, Usually Applied To An Agree Ment Introduced In 1793, During The Administra Tion Of Lord Cornwallis, By Which Certain Agents For Collecting The Rents Or Taxes On The Land Were Granted The Right Of Occupying That Position Per Mane Fitly, On ...
Perron
Perron, A French Sailor On Board The Frigate Sardaigne, Which Came To India In The Year 1774. He Became Acquainted With De Boigne In 1789, And Was Appointed Captain-lieutenant In The 2d Brigade Of Sindia's Army. He Distinguished Him Self At The Battles Of Mirta And Patan, And He Ob ...
Pers
. . . Pers. I Khagawla, . . Pusiitil Cultivated At Lahore For The Distillation, From The Palm, Of An Aromatic Water, Which Is Much Used In The Hot Season. Salix Alba, L. Bushan, . . . Chenab. Kalohang, . Ladakh. Yur, Chung, . ,, Walehang„ 17 Chargilla, Chen., Laden. ...
Pers Zamindar Hind
Zamindar. Hind., Pers. A Holder Or Occupant Of A Landed Estate. Zamindar Was A Term Orig,inally Applied To Hereditary Hindu Chiefs, But Multammadans Extended It To Independent Princes, Liko Those Of Udaipur And Jodhpur. In Comparatively Modern Times, It Has Included Persons Holding Assignments Of The Government Revenue. As Well ...
Pers Zonar Hind
Zonar. Hind., Pers. The Zonar Is Regarded By The Brahmans As Of Sacred Import ; And They Do Not Consider An Individual As Fully Member Of His Class Until Lie Has Assumed This Symbol. Some Writers Call This The Bmhmanical, Priestly, Or Sacerdotal Cord ; But It Is Worn By ...
Persepolis
Persepolis Of The Greeks, Elymais Of The Hebrews, And Istakhr Of The Persians, In The Province Of Fars, Is Now A Series Of Ruined Remains, Known To The People Of The Country As The Chahl Minar (forty Pillars) And Takht-i-jamshid (throne Of Jamshid). They Are Supposed To Comprise The Palaces ...
Persia
Persia Lies Between Lat. 25° 40' To 39° 50' N., And Long. 44° 20' To 61° 35' E., With A Population Variously Estimated At 5 To 7 Millions. It Is About 1400 Miles Long From The Khoi And Bayazad Road To Gwadar, And 900 Miles Broad From The Makran Coast ...
Persian Gulf
Persian Gulf Extends From Lat. 24° To 30° 20' N., And Long. 48° To 58° E. It Runs In Between Arabia And Persia From The Straits Of Ormuz, Which Are 35 Miles Wide, To The Mouth Of The Shatt-ul-arab. In Breadth At The Narrowest Part, Between Cape Musseldom And Gombroon, ...
Peshawur
Peshawur, A Province In The Extreme N.11". Of British India, Which Takes Its Name From Tho Town Of Peshawur. The District Lies Between Lat. 33° 43' And 34° 31' N., And Long. 25' And 72° 47' E.; Has An Area Of 1928 Square Miles, And A Population In 1868 Of ...
Petroleum
Petroleum, Earth-oil. Neft, . . . Amu. Kesoao No Abra, . . Yai-nan, . . . Bumf. Minsk Tanab, . . Maim Thi-yu, . . . . Chin. ' Japoo, . . . Sumatran. Petrole, . . . Pr. Man Tylam, . . . Tam. Stein-ol, „ . . Gec. ...
Phalguna Or
Phalguna Or Phalgun, The 11th Month Of The Hindu Year, Is One Of The Hindu Months Of Spring Or Vasant. At Udaipur The Merry Month Of Phalgun Was Ushered In With The Ahairea Or Spring-hunt. The Preceding Day, The Rana Used To Distribute To All His Chiefs And Servants Either ...
Phallus Gr
Phallus. Gr. The Priapus Of The Romans, And The Lingam Of The Saiva Hindus. It Is Men Tioned In Ezekiel Xvi. 17 And Amos V. 26. Colonel Tod Says That No Satisfactory Etymology Has Ever Been Assigned For The Hindu Name Of The Phallic Emblem. He Supposes That It May ...
Phasianidie
Phasianidie, The Pheasant Family Of Birds, Comprises The Pea-fowl, Pheasants, Jungle-fowl, And Spur-fowl, All Of Them Peculiar To Asia, India, J Burma, And Malayan; Some Authors Include Also The Turkeys. They Frequent Forests, Jungles, And Thick Coverts, Perch And Roost On Trees:— Pavoninte, L'avo Cristatus, Linn., Common Peacock. 1'. Japonensia, ...
Phcenix Dactylifera
Phcenix Dactylifera. Linn. Date Palm. Tamr, Nukhal, . Arab. Kurjan, Khurma, . Pers. . Bumf. Payr-etchum Maram, Tam. Paynd Khajur, . Duich. Kharjurapu Chettu, Tel. Khajur, Chuhara, Hind. Perita Chettu Khaj, . . . . Pant. The Fruit. Rutub, . . . . Arab. Pind, Chirwi, Bagri, Hind. Tamr (fresh), ...
Pheasant
Pheasant Birds Belong To The Family Pm Sianidm. Gold And Silver Pheasants Aro Inhabit Ants Of China ; But The Golden Pheasant, Accord Ing To M. Temminck, Inhabits Not Only China And Japan, But The Northern Parts Of Greece, As Also Georgia And The Caucasus, And Has Been Met With ...
Phenix Sylvestris R
Ph(enix Sylvestris. R. Wild Date Palm. Elate Sylvesttis, Linn. Send Ka Thar, . . Hind. Ectcha Mantra, . . Tail Rilaji Of . Salt Range. Its Chettu, Ita, . . Tel. Ptah= Pane, . . Ta3i. Pedda Ita, . . . „ The Wild Data Palm Grows Throughout British India, ...
Phormium Tenax
Phormium Tenax, Forster, Is The Koradi Or Harakeke, Or New Zealand Flax Plant. There Are Several Varieties, Which Yield Flax Of Vary Ing Degrees Of Fineness. It Is A Plant Likely To Thrive On Most Of The Lower Hill Ranges Of British India, And To Prove Especially Suitable For Culture ...
Phosphorescence
Phosphorescence. The Phenomenon Of Phosphorescence, Dr. Hooker Says, Is Very Con Spicuous On Stacks Of Firewood, At Darjiling, During Tho Clamp, Warm, Summer Months, May To October, At Elevations Of 5000 To 8000 Feet; It May Be Witnessed Every Night By Penetrating A Few Yards Into The Forest,—at Least It ...