Prunus Armeniaca L
Prunus Armeniaca. L. Apricot. Anneniaea Vulgaris, Lam. Binkook ,. . . . Arab. Zard•alu, Khoohunt, Mn I /. Tea Armin'', . . „ Kasluniri Kista, . „ Shari, . . . . , Bea:i. Hari, Hada'', . Jiie1.1.3i, Baboor-k0111111i, Bokiimia. Cherkwili, . . Kanc Ra. Cheroli, . . . Ciienab. ...
Pterocarpus
Pterocarpus Marbupium. Roxb. This Is A Large And A Very Beautiful Tree, Especi Ally When In Flower Hi The )pegiiiiiing Of The Mina ; Its Seed Ripens About The Close Of The Year. It Is Widely Diffused, And Yields One Of The Must Abuud Ant And Useful Timbers Of S. ...
Pteromys
Pteromys. Cum A Genus Of The Family Sciuridm, And Commonly Known As The Flying Squirrels, Because Of The Skin Of Their Flanks Being Extended Between The Fore And Hind Feet, Forming, When Expanded, A Wide Parachute. The Species Occur In The South-east Of Asia And In The Islands Of The ...
Pterospermum Indicum
Pterospermum Indicum. —? Kyaboka Wood Tree, Eng. I Lingo* Wood Tree, . Eng. Amboyna Wood Tree, „ Serioulout, . . Malay. The Kyaboka Of Commerce Is Said By Prof. Rein Wardt, Of Leyden, To Be The Burr Of The Ptero Spermum Indicum, But By Others That Of Ptero Cat Pus ...
Pugha
Pugha, In The Territories Of The Maharaja Of Jamu And Kashmir, Is A Small Valley With A Lake, In Which Borax Is Deposited. The Portion From Whence The Sollaga Or Tincal Is Collected Has A Fine Stream Running Through It Into The River Indus ; The Portion Producing The Borate ...
Pulses
Pulses, Species Of The Fab:icon Or Bean Tribe Of Plants, Arc Largely Used In The E. Indies Ax Food For Man And Beast. They Are Eaten With, And Supply To Rice And Some Other Cereal., The Nitro Genous Or Flesh-forming Material In Which These Are Defective. Bengal Grain Or Cicer ...
Puna Kad
Puna Kad, In Salem, Kumari, Can. Of Mysore And Canara, Is The Pounam Of Malalar, The Chena Of Ceylon, And The Tungya Of Burma. It Is A Rude System Of, Culture Followed In All These Countries, Wherein Secluded Tribes And Others Clear Parts Of The Forest. The Irular Races And ...
Punica Granatum
Punica Granatum. Linn. Pomegranate. Roman, Kilkul, . Dalima, . . . Malay. Rana, . . . . „ Madals,. . . Malzal. Dalim, Darim, . Beno. Itutnom Paio, . Rimmon Of The Bible. Darim, . Mu S.' Reg. Tha-lai, . . . 13uam. Delumghodi, . . Anar, . . . ...
Purana
Purana, Literally Old, Is The Naine Given To Some Sacred Books Of The Hindus. They Are Eighteen In Number, And These Have Been Supplemented By Eighteen Upa Puranas Or Appendices. The Eighteen Puranas Are— Brahma. Brahma Vaivarta. L'adma. Linga. Vishnu. Varaba. Vayaviya. Skanda. Sri Bhagavata. Vamana. Narada Or Naradiya. Kumla. ...
Puri
Puri, A Town In Orissa, Which Gives Its Name To A Revenue District Of Bengal, Lying Between Lat. 19° 27' 40" And 20° 16' 20" N., And Long. 85° 0' 26" And 86° 28' E., With An Area Of 2472 Square Miles, And A Population (in 1872) Of 769,674 Soula. ...
Purification
Purification, With The Ancient Hebrews (leviticus Xi.-xv.), With The Hindus, And With The Muhammadans, Has Been A Religious Rite. Hindus And Muhammadans Follow The Jews In Their Attention To Outward Purity. With Muham Madans, Before Praying, It Is Necessary That He Be Undefiled. There Are Degrees Of Defilement, The Least ...
Puru
Puru, The Sixth King Of The Lunar Race. Ile Was The Youngest Son Of Yayati And Sarmishtha. Ile And His Brother Yadu Were Founders Of The Two Great Branches Of The I,unar Race. The Descendants Of Puru Were Called The Paurava, And Of This Race Caine The Kaurava And The ...
Purusha Sansk
Purusha. Sansk. Man, Mind; The Male Deity, A Title Of Narayana, The Supreme 'king And Soul Of The Universe ; Every Male Said To Have Sprung From Him. Purusha-ined'ha, Sacrifice Of A Man, Human Sacrifice. Purusha-sakta Is A Hymn In The Rig Veda In Which The Four Castes Are First ...
Pushkalavati Or
Pushkalavati Or Peukelaotis, Pukka Laoti, Pukkala, Stupa Of The Eyes Gift.' Accord Ing To General Cunningham, The Ancient Capital Of Ghandara Was Pushkalavati Or Peukelaotis, Which Is Said To Have Been Founded By Pushkara, The Son Of Bharata, And The Nephew Of Rama. Its Antiquity Is Undoubted, As It Was ...
Pusiitit Paciia D Pers
Paciia D. Pers., Pusiiti.t. Land Irrigated By Small Streams. Pachak Is A Fragrant Root, So Designated In The Price-currents Of Calcutta And Bombay, Whence It Is Exported To Canton, Being Highly Esteemed By The Chinese As An Incense. It Is The Cosayphus Aucklandia, And A Native Of Kashmir. Kuth Is ...
Pusiitu
Pusiitu. The Term Afghan Is Applied To A Multitude Of Tribes Speaking The Samo Dialect, The Puslitu Or Afghani, But The Word It,self Has No Certain Signification, And Is Borne By Many People Of Very Different Origin, Though The People Are Raid To Call Themselves Puslitun. According To Captain Raverty, ...
Putra
Putra. Ii1nn. A Son. Su-put, Hinn., Means Worthy,' Or Good Issue ' (putra). The Old Hindu Law Recognises Twelve Objects Of Affiliation. Putr Ana Rox Burg Ii Ii. Wo. An Ornamental Tree Growing All Over India, From The Himalaya To Ceylon. It Is A Large Timber Tree, With An Erect ...
Pyal Anglo Tamil
Pyal. Anglo-tamil. A Verandah In Front Of A House. Tbe Pyal Is Often Used As A School Room, Or As A Place In Which A Traveller Inay Rest. The Pyal Or Indigenous Elementary Ichools Have Existed From Time Irnmemorial. They Form A Very Large Proportion Of The Existing Schools In ...
Pyramids
Pyramids Built Of Great Blocks Of Stone Were A Form Of Cairns In Which Wero Placed Tho Bodies Of The Ancient Rulers In Egypt. Subsequent Dynasties Have Largely Dismantled Them In Order To Obtain Building Materials; But Still, Froin The Head Of The Delta Of The Nile Southward Beyond Sakkara, ...
Pyrus Malus
Pyrus Malus. Linn. Apple Tree. Tuffah, . . . . Arab. Palu, . . Panjab. Seb, Seo, . Hind., Pers. Manra, Mans,. Plisiite. Sher, . . . Jhelum. Arnru, . . . „ Geo-cho, Kushu, Ladakh. Khaju, . . . . Eavi. Chung, Chunt, . Pang'. Seba, . . . ...
Quail
Quail. Mr. Gould Recognises The Common Quail Of India As Distinct From The European Quail. The Quails Of British India Are Arranged By Jerdon Under The Genus Perdicula, The Dwarf Partridges Or Bush Quails, And ,the Sub-families Perdicinm, And The Coturnicinm Or True Quails ; Also The Sub-family Turnicinm, Or ...
Quartz
Quartz, Wuh-sih-shih-ying, Chin., Is Nearly Pm Silica. It Occurs Both Massive And In Crystals Of All Sizes, And Of A Great Variety Of Colours. Is Much Used In The Bodiesof Pottery, And In Making Enamel And Glass. Quartz Rock Has Been Found The Richest In Metals Of All The Indian ...
Queen Of
Queen Of Ilean'en, A Position Allotted By The Ancient Babylonians, The Phomiciaus, And The Italians, Also By The Present Buddhtsts Anti Others Of China, And Likewust By The Mxtern Hindus, To A Female Divinity. The Babylonian Que-en Of Heaven Waa Called Anatu, Consort Of Anu, Lortt Of The Heavens. The ...
Queen Of Sheba
Queen Of Sheba. See Balkis. Quelicus, Oak. Ban . . . . Arab. Quercia, . . . . It. 110h.huh, . . Chin. . . Pol. Ecg, D An. Itoble, Carbalho,r0iit.,sp. Eik, Mt. I Dub, Wu. Chene, Fr Ek Sw. Melte, . . . . Gf.ii. The Oaks And Tho ...
Quilon
Quilon, A Seaport Town On Tho 3falabar Coast, In Lat. 8° 53' 28" N., Long. 76° 36' 59* E. It Is In Tho Travancore State, And Has Been Written Collam, Coulon, And Coilon, Derived From The Tamil For A Tank. Its Population Is About 15,000, And Is Occupied By A ...
Quinine
Quinine Was Discovered In 1.8._ao By Pelletier And Caventou, French Chemists; Cinchonitline And Quinidine In 1852 By 31. Pasteur. It Is A Vegeto-alkali Obtained From Cinchona Bark. The Medicinal Properties Of The Peruvian Barks Are Due To These Vegeto-alkalis. The Refuse Or Mother Liquor Of The Quinine Manufacturers Con Tains ...
Qutub Shaiii
Qutub Shaiii, A Dynasty Of The Dekhan, A.d. 1512-1580, Whose Principal Stronghold Was Golconda, Near Hyderabad. Sultan Kuli Qutub Shah, The Founder, Was A Turkoman Of Hamadan In Persia, And Was In The Service Of The Bahmani Kings When Their Power Broke Up. He Was Murdered At The Age Of ...
Ra K Hai Ng
Ra-k Hai Ng, A Mce Occupying Antkan, Towards The Embouchure Of The Koladyn Rirer, Haring The Silk, Kutni, And Khyen On Their North-east And South. A Settlement Of Ra Khaing Has Been Made On The Tenasserim Coast In Long.tis E., Front Lat. 13° 40' To 14' 30*n., East Of The ...
Ra1val Pindi
Ra1val Pindi, Lat. 33° 36' 5" N., And Long. 72° 59' 8" E., In The Panjab, A Large Military Station. Mean Height Of The Cantonment, 1737 Feet. It Gives Its Name To A Revenue District Lying Between Lat. 33° And 34° N., And Long. 71°46' And 73° 41' E., With ...
Race
Race, A Term Used By Ethnologists To Distin Guish Different Branches Of The Human Family. The Term Is Not In Use Amongst The Europeans In British India, By Whom The People Of The Country Are Collectively Called Natives, And The Several Races Castes, This Being Derived From Casta, A Portuguese ...
Radha
Radha, The Celebrated Mistress Of Krishna ; She Wit8 The Wife Of Ayana-gosha, A Cowherd Of Gokal, With Whom She Lived Within A Forest Near The Jumna ; She Was One Of Krishna's Favourite Mistresses, The Chief Of The Gopi Or Nymphs Of Vrij. She Has Been Deified By The ...
Radha Kund
Radha-kund, Four Miles From Govardhan, The Hoary And Holy Mount Connected With The Richest Associations Of The Hindus, And Beheld By Them With An Absorbing Interest. The Greeks Had Their Olympus, And The Hebrews Their Sinai ; The Jain Sect Have Their Parasnath, The Saiva Ilindu Their Kailasa, And The ...
Rai Das
Rai Das, Founder Of A Hindu Sect Called Rai Dasi. It Is A Sect Of Vaishnava Hindus. Rai Das Was Originally A Chamar, One Of The Aboriginal Tnbes Of India, Who Are Labourers, Leather Workers, Shoemakers, And In Chlattisgarh, Largely Farmers. His Religious Vievvs Were In Accordance With The Doctrines ...
Raiitor Or
Raiitor Or Ithator. A Dynady Originally Of Knuouj, Afterwanla Anitirmed In Xarwar. They Commence Authentic Iii.tory In A.d. Va) ? By Yrivatiaawa, Prince Of Parlipur. Alipposed Of Indo - Scythic Origin. Lit A.d. 1381, Assaulted Mandor, Awl Made It Ilia Capital. In Clionda 1680 Was Murdered Ajit Singh, Ill Whose ...
Railways
Railways Were First Attempted To Be Intro Duced Into India In 1845, By Two Companies, Termed The East India And The Great Indian Peninsular Railway Company, But The Projectors Found It Necessary To Apply To Government For Aid, And Government Guaranteed 5 Per Cent. For A Term Of 99 Years, ...
Rain
Rain. Matar, . . . Mias. Piaggia, . . . . It. Me, Burn. Iluvia, Sp Pluie, Fr Mni, Tan. Regen, Ger I Yaghmut,. . . Turk. Banat, . . Hind. I The Occasional Showers Which Fall Throughout The Year In Britain Are Unknown In Most Countries In S. Asia, ...
Raipur
Raipur, A Town In The Central Provinces Of British India, In Lat. 21° 15' N., And Long. 81° 41' E., On A Plateau 950 Feet Above The Sea-level. It Gives Its Name To A District Extending Between Lat. 19° 48' And 21° 45' N., And Long. 80° 28' And 82° ...
Raisins
Raisins. Zabib, . Arab., Dl1lat. Beilane, . . Kan-pu.tau, . . . Cain. Uve Paste, . . . Raisins Secs,. . . Fr. Uvsa Puss; . . . Lat. Raisins Pass6s, . . „ Passa, . . . . Port. Rosincn, . . . Ger. Uts-ka'h, . . . Pcsiitu ...
Rajamundry
Rajamundry, A Town In The Madras Presid Ency, In Lat. 16° 50' N., And Long. 81° 48' 30" E., On The Left Bank Of The Godavery, 30 Miles From The Sea, And 565 Miles To The North Of Madras. Population (1871), 19,682. The District Lies Between Lat. 16° 18' And ...
Rajmahal
Rajmahal, A Town In The Santal Parganas District Of Bengal, Situated In Lat. 25° 2' 51" N., And Long. 87° 52' 51" E., On The Right Bank Of The Ganges. The Town Gives Its Name To A Subdivision Of The Santal Parganas ; Area, 1343 Square Miles, And Population, 332,194 ...
Rajpipla
Rajpipla Is A Native State Ruled By A Hindu Sovereign. It Is Within The Bombay Presidency. Between Lat. 21° 23' And 21° 59' N., And Long. 73° 5' And 74° E. Area (comprising 591 Villages), 1514 Square Miles ; Population (1881), 120,036, Of Whom About 60 Per Cent. Are Bhils. ...
Rajputana
Rajputana Stretches On The N.w. Part Of British India From Lat. 23° •15' To 30° N., And From Long. 69° 30' To 78° 1.5' E. Its Area Is About 132,460 Square Miles, And In 1881 Its Esti Mated Population Was 10,729.114. Two Small Portions Of This Region, Ajmir And Merwara, ...
Rajputs
Rajputs, Literally Sons Of Rajas Or Princes, Is The Name By Which The Clans Of Several Tribes Of India Designate Themselves, And Who In Ancient Times Became Dominant In The N.w. Of India, From Which Their Branches Extended Southwards. They Are In Nunierous Tribes And Clans, And Have Been Supposed ...
Rakta Ball
Rakta-ball Blood-offering, A Blood Sacri Fice To An Idol. The Blood Sacrifice Of The Hindus And Most Of The Non-aryan Races Prevails All Over The Peninsula Of India, In Mysore, In Hyderabad, In The Carnatic, And Northern Cir Cars. It Has Different Names, And Is Varied ; But Whether, As ...
Ram Isseram
Ram Isseram Is A Small Island 8 Miles Long, Situated Between Ceylon And The Continent Of India, At The Entrance Of Palk's Passage In The Straits Of Manaar, Where There Stands A Very Ancient Pagoda, And Formerly An Observatory. It Was Found By Colonel Lainbton's Survey To Lie In Lat. ...
Rama
Rama, Among The Avatara Of Vishnu, In The Mythology Of The Ilindus, Are Recorded Three Favoured Personages In Whom The Deity Became Incarnate, All Named Rama. They Are Distinguished By The Names Of Bala Rama, Usually Called Balararn, Parasu Rama Or Parasram, Meaning Rama Of The Club, And Rama Chandra ...
Rama Lila Sansk
Rama-lila. Sansk. A Dramatic Epitome Of The Adventures Of Rama. They Are Performed Publicly In The Month Aswin, And In Some Places With Great Splendour.—w. A Religious Reformer Of The Vaislinava Sect,. Who Is Considered By Some To Have Been An Immediate Disciple Of Rainanuja, By Others The Fifth In ...
Ramanuja
Ramanuja, Styled Sri Ithruthyskar. A Philo Sopher, The Founder Of The Sri L'alalinava Sect Of Ilyulue, Is Sometimes Suppoaed To Be Identical With Yeinbara 31aiimar, The Last Of The Alvh. His Philosophy Is The So - Called Visislasdwalts System. Ile Was Born At Stripennatur, 25 Tones West Of Madras, About ...
Ramayana
Ramayana, The Older Of The Two Great Poems Of The I Lindus, And That In Which The Pnnapal Hero Is Rama. Three Versions Exist Of This Book, One Supposed To Have Been Composed By Valnuki, One By Tulsi Das, One By Yvan'. That Of Vyasa La Known As The Adhi ...
Ramri Or
Ramri Or Yambie, Or New Island, Forms The N.e. Side Of Cheduba Strait. It Is 40 Miles Long And 15 Broad, Of Moderate Height Near The Sea, And Extends N.w. To Saddle Island In Lat. 19° 26' N., On The North Side Of Which Is The Entrance To Khyouk-hpyu Harbour. ...
Randia
Randia, A Genus Of Plants Of The Natural Order Rubiacem. R. Duntetorum, Dekhaneusis, Fragrans, Gardneri, Rigida, Speciosa, Tetraspertna, Nutans, And Uliginosa Grow In The E. Indim One Species, The Nana Manga, Tel, Is A Good-sized Armed Tree Of The Godavery Forests, Furnishing A Very Hard And Close-grained Wood, Good For ...
Rangoon
Rangoon, The Chief Town Of British Burma. It Was Founded In The Second Half Of The Sixth Century B.c. By A Missionary Body Of Buddhists. It Was Rebuilt In 1755 By Alompra, And Named By Him The Yankon Or ' Victory Achieved,' In Com Memoration Of His Conquests. It Is ...
Rani
Rani, The Consort Of A Ilindu Raja Or Rana, A Queen. The Queen-empress Of India Is Known In India By The Hindu Title Rani, And By The Afuhaiii Inadan Title Malikah. As Queen-empress, Tho Title Should Be Maharani. 3fany Towns Are Called After The Rani. Raniah Was Founded By Rai ...
Rani Mohun Roy
Rani Mohun Roy Ix The Only Great Mita! To Whom Modern Bengal Can Potrit. Ile Was The First Great Modern Theistical Reformer Of British India. Ile Waa Born About 1774, At The Village Of Radhanagar, In The District Of Illundtidalail. Ilia Father Wa.9 A Brahman, And Hie Grandfather Had Held ...
Ranjit Singh 1780 1839
Ranjit Singh (1780-1839), Originally A Petty Chief, Was Appointed Governor Of Lahore By Shah Zaman, King Of The Afghans. Favoured By The Dissensions Between This Prince And His Brothers, From 1801 He Made Himself Entirely Independent, And Tolhe Province Confided To His Care 'soon Added Icashmir, Peshawur; Kohat, Dehra Ismail ...
Ras Arab
Ras. Arab. A Cape, A Headland ; Hence— Ras-arah, The S. Cape Of Arabia, Low, Sandy, Rounded, And Dangerous ; Several Vessels Have Been Wrecked On Its.banka, Which Extend As Far As Khor Araran. Ras Asir Or Assair, Or Cape Guardafui Of The Old Charts, The N.e. Point Of Africa, ...
Ras Yatra
Ras Yatra, A Hindu Festival, The Annual Commemoration Of The Dance Of Krishna With The Sixteen Gopi. Vast Crowds, Clad In Their Best Attire, Collect In Some Open Place In The Vicinity Of The Towns, And Celebrate The Event With Music, Singing, And Dramatic Representations Of Krishna's Sports. All The ...
Rashid
Rashid - Ud - Din, Also Named Faz1 Ull Rashid, Author Of The Jami-ut-tawarikli, Was Ba At Hamadan A.d. 1247, A.ii. 645. He Was Son Imad-ud-daulah Abu-l-khair. His Enemies, The Latter Part Of His Life, Called Him A Jew Bc By Birth And Religion. Quatremerc Is Inclined Think That He ...
Rata Gelorka
Rata. Gelorka. Xanthochymus Pictorius. Ratan Or Rattan ; Cane. Beta, Beng. Calamus Rotang, . . Lat. Bet, Ned, . . . Hind. . . . Malay. Panjalin, . . . Jav. Pirambu, . . . . Tam. Kowe Sunda, Jav., Sunda. Bettam, Tel The Rattan Canes Of Commerce Are Obtained ...
Ravana
Ravana, A King Of Lanka Or Ceylon, Who Ruled Over A Powerful And Civilised State, Comprising Ceylon And The Whole Of The Southern Division Of India. He Was The Son Of Visvarawa Muni By His Wife Nikaksha Or Naikasi, The Daughter Of Sumali, Who, Observing The Splendour Of Kuvera, A ...
Ravi
Ravi. Its Name In Sanskrit Is Airavati, In The Local Dialect Iraoti (the Irawadi Of Tho Ayin Akbari), Which Doubtless Suggested The Names Of Hydmotes In Arrian, And Hyarotis In Strabo. Ptolemy Calls This River Adria It Is Called Hawn Bara Baughal, And Is One Of The Fire Great Streams ...
Razzia Begun
Razzia Begun!, Known Also As The Subsea Itazzia, Was The Daughter Of Sharns-ud-din Al Tamsh. On The Death Of Altamsh, His Son Hulot Ud-din Was Deposed After A Reign Of Seven Months, And His Sister Razzia Beg= Raised To The Throne (a.d. 1236, A.ii. 63i) Under The Title Sultana Razzia. ...
Red Fish
Red Fish Of The Pacific Ocean Is The Holocentrus Ruber. A Red Fish Eaten By Cap Tain Cook's Crew Proved Poisonous To Some Who Partook Of It. Red Fish Is A Condiment Of The Malay Peninsula ; Fish Roes And Sardines Are Made Into Condiments, And The Species Of Fish ...
Red Sea
Red Sea, The Arab Bahr-el-ahmar, Or Bahr-el Hejaz, The Ancient Sinus Arabicus, Is An Arm Of The Sea Extending From The Arabian Sea Towards The N.w. Between Arabia And Africa To A Distance Of 1400 Miles. It Is Entered At Tho South Extrem Ity By A Strait, The Bab-ul-mandab, 18 ...
Reef Or
Reef Or Shoal. Sha'b, Arad. Darwin (re Searches, P. 555) Describes The Lagoon Islands, The Encircling Reefs, And The Barrier Reefs. Coml Islands Are Arranged By Darwin Into The Atoll Or Lagoon Island, A Coral Margin With A Lagoon In The Centre ; Barrier Reefs, Stretching Along A Vast Extent ...
Reei
Reei Has Its Origin In The Decomposition Of The Elements Of The Rocks And Soils Under The Action Of Air And Water, And The Rain-water Washes Out The Soluble Carbonates Of Lime, And Alkaline Chlorides, And Sulphates, And Carbonates, Which Are Formed Into Carbonate Of.lime, Carbonate Of Soda, Sulphate Of ...
Religion
Religion. Of The Various Religious In The World, According To Hamel, There Are, In Mil Lions, Christians, 120 ; Jews, Nearly 4 ; If Awn Madans, 250 ; Hindus, 111 ; Buddhists, 315. Every Religion It Has Been Remarked, 'even The Most Imperfect' And Degraded, Has Something That Ought To ...
Reptiles
Reptiles Are Arranged By Naturalists As The Closs Reptilia Of The Animal Kingdom, And They Are Numerous In The South And East Of Asia. The Chameleons, The Gecko, And Others Of Them Ar Interesting To All Who Would Investigate Tht Wonders Of Creation. The Crocodile, The Alligator, And The Poisonous ...
Resins
Resins. Gums And Resins Are Exported From India To A Considerable Extent, But Cutch (catechu) And Gambier, Alike In Quantity And Value, Far Exceed Those Of Other Kinds. 1880-81. 1881-82. 1882-83. Catch And Gambler, . 820,756 Cwt. 198,897 Ewt. 246,506 Evrt. Other Sorts,. . • . 899 „ 1,841 „ ...