QUTUB SHAIII, a dynasty of the Dekhan, A.D. 1512-1580, whose principal stronghold was Golconda, near Hyderabad. Sultan Kuli Qutub Shah, the founder, was a Turkoman of Hamadan in Persia, and was in the service of the Bahmani kings when their power broke up. He was murdered at the age of 90 by his son Jamshid. The fourth and last king was Muhammad Kuli.
R, the 18th letter of the English alphabet, is a semi-vowel and a liquid, and in the English tong,ue has two distinct sounds, the one, as in ran, free, morose, and when at the beginning of words or syllables, produced by an expulsion of vocalized breath ; the other sound when followed by a con sonant, and when at the end of words, is formed by a vibration of the tongue near the root, as in her, ford, startling. In words derived froin the Greek language, the letter h is usually written after r, as in rheumatic, rhapsody, rhetoric. R has various modifications in the languages of the Ea.st Indies. It is changeable into 1; and the Chinese, who c,annot pronounce r, always use 1 in its place, though the Mongol and Manchu have r. Usually it has the sound of r in rouud, run, ruin. In the Hindustani it has a rough sound r or rh, which alternate with the cerebral letters d and db, and in Telugu, Canarese, and Tamil it has a harsher sound. The r of tho Tamil and r of the
Malealarn are in some respects identical, and when doubled as rr, have the sound of tt. The Sanskrit vowel sound ri is modified in the Peninsula of India into ru. It in Sanskrit, when compounded with another consonant, is always elided; thus, varta, krosa, preman, SANSEC.; bat, kos, pem, IliNn. There are many Sanskrit words written indif ferently with 1 or r, as in the Sanskrit urini, Greek eluo ; Sanskrit rak, Greek leukos ; Sanskrit rik, Greek leipo. Just as the English Mary is domestically Molly, tho Turki language frequently changes the letter r into a soft z or sh, as the Turki worths dengit, sea, and Ant, ox, are tho sante AA 60 Hungarian tenger and okur. On tho Indo-Serhian collie. also. we lind the Turki names of hanislika, Huvitlika, and Kuhlman, changed to Kanerke, Iloverke, and Korano in Greek. The 1 of the Kodum Tamil becomes th the Shen Tamil,—pallani, fruit, becoming Isabela.
RA, a god of the ancient Egyptians, vita worshipped separately from Oairis.