Rosa damascena, 21E11., the damask rose, is cul tivated in gardens in India, for tho sake of its floavers ; it is supposed to have been originally brought from Damascus, and to be a native of Syria. It has many varieties. The essential oil of the petals sells at 2 rupees per tola.
Rosa eglanteria, L. Native colintry unknown.
Rosa gallica, tho French rose, Provence red rose, is supposed to be the species to which Pliny refers (Hist. Nat. xxi. pp. 18, 25, 72, 73). Is a native of Persia, found wild about Montalbanum, Walzen berg, and Geneva, in Austria, Piedmont, and tho Caucasus ; it has equal small prickles, erect flowers, ovate sepals, and globose fruit. Hundreds of varieties of this rose are found cultivated in gardens. A great number of varietica of them are hybrids between R. gallica and R. centifolia.
They mostly combine the long graceful shoots of the latter with the rich crimson hut* of R. gallica. Hybrids aro also produced between R. gallica and R. Indica, but differ from the last in not being perpetual. The peMls contain tannic and gallic acid, essential oil, oxide of iron, and other unim portant principles. The petals aro gathered before becoming quite ripe ; they aro deprived of the calyx and central attachments, and dried before the sun or in a stove. When dried they are sifted in order to separate the stamina and pistil. They aro then gently compressed and kept in a dry .place. From the cabbage rose, a variety of this species, a very fragrant distilled water is pre pared in England.
Rosa glandulifera is the Gul seoti or Sewati of the Panjab.
Rosa inserta is the Nasrin kubjak.
Rosa naacrophylla.
Gulab jikjik, . . CHEN. ran-kujru, Ya1, . SUTLE.T. Phulwar, Phulian, Hum. Trind, Tambu, . „ Ban-gulab, Akhiali, RAVI.
This great red rose tree grows over a widorange in the N.W. Himalaya up to the Indus from 4500 to 10,500 feet. Its fruit is eaten, and is stated by Madden to become very sweet when black and rotten. In Kanawar, a perfume is extracted
from the flowers for export towards the plains. It is one of the most beautiful Himalayan plants. Its single flowers are as largo as the palm of the hand.
Rosa mosehata, the musk rose, is found native in the north of Africa, and in the temperate and warm provinces of Spain.
Rosa rubiginosa, sweet-briar or gul-nasrin, is met with in many Indian gardeias ; it sometimes blossoms, if budded on the Persian rose stock. The general mode of propagation is by layers, but a much quicker and easier method is to bud it on the stock of a rose. Tenasserim residences are often filled with sweet odours from the graceful eglantine or sweet-briar, but the plant is kept alive with difficulty when exposed to the south west monsoon.
Rosa semperflorens, the Yueh-ki-hwa of tho Chinese, is the Chinese monthly rose, a common scrambling shrub bearing a regular profusion of red flowers, mostly barren, but used medicinally.
Rosa sericea is an erect, white-flowered rose, and is the only species occurring in Southern Sikkim. It is very abundant. Its numerous in odorous flowers are pendent, apparently aa a pro t,ection from the rain, and it is remarkable a.s being the only special having four petals, instead of five.
Rosa Webbiana, IVall.
Sikancla, Manyar, . CHEN. I Sin, Sea, . . . LADAKH. Shawall, Chua, . . „ Ringgal, Kazin.% SUTLEJ. Kantyan,. . . Kennett.
This rose is found chiefly in the rather arid tracts of the Panjab Himalaya from 5000 to 9500 feet, up to near the Indus, and in Ladakh it reaches 13,500 feet. Its fruit is eaten, and in parts of Spiti the stems are largely used for fuel.—Cleg hor ; Fortune's Wandertags, p. 311 ; Hooker, Journ. p. 168, p. 43 ; Mason ; O'Sh. ; Powell; Riddell ; Smith ; Stewart ; Rosh. p. 513.