Regur, in the Benary district, produces two kinds of crops, called mungan and kingari. It covers one million of acres, from 1 to 12 feet deep. It has, mixed with it,decomposed felspar, gritty particles of quartz, and is often covered with angular quartzose pebbles ; ferruginous quartz and jasper; water is rarely found in these black lands except at great depths. In the Cuddapah district, the decomposition of the limestones, calcareous veins, clayslate, and sand stones imparts a lighter colour and a looser texture to the regur. -Underneath it generally is a kankar deposit resembling white gravel.
The garden soil of Bellary generally consists of rcgur and rnussub soil, mixed with manure of decayed animal and vegetable matter.
In breaking up black soil, the farmers use a heavy plough drawn by five to eight pairs of the strongest cattle, generally buffaloes, and plough it 15 inches deep. The labour and expense is enormous. The ploughshare is a heavy three-cornered block of hard wood ; the bar is 12 feet long, and besides the ploughman, two or more drivers manage the bullocks.
Mussub or mixed soil in the Ceded Districts is double that of the regur. Red soil in Bellary district, millions of acres.
In the neighbourhood of granitic elevations or pro truding beds of gneiss and large pegmatitic veins of quartz and felspar, the debris of these rocks de composes into a light red soil, termed mussub by the natives, which is only capable of producing the mungari crop. This soil is sometimes extensively deposited in low situations by the force of streams or torrents of rain, when it becomes a terrein de transports or alluvial soil.
Roll, saline inflorescence, salts of soda abounding in some soils, and rendering them unproductive. In the NW. Provinces, the deterioration of land by reh first attracted serious attention in the villages along the 1Vestern Jumna Canal and its branches, about Dehli, Panipat, Rohtak, and Kemal. In 1857, Mr. Sherer, Joint Magistrate of Aligarh, went on deputation to examine the tracts of country deteriorated, and the picture presented by him of the suffering in some of the villages WAS truly de plorable. Out of 580 canal villages, 59, or nearly 10 per cent., had been injured in degrees ranging severely to partially, 6 per oent.being severely injured. The maximum appeared to be reached in Panipat, where 46 villages, or 19 per cent., were injured out of 242. The salt effloresces in several parts of the Panjab where there are no canals at all ; in these places it appears in laud irrigated from wells, where the water is very far from the surface. The salt itself consists. of sulphate of soda, with a variable Proportion of chloride of sodium (common salt).
In some of the instances given by Dr. O'Shaugh nessy, the percentage was high ; at Jagu, in Pauipat, it was 20 per cent., and this consisted of abundance of carbonate of soda with sulphate and chloride of sodium and lime. As far as experience goes, lands near canals, like the old Hosli, in the Lahore district, constructed at, but not below, the ordinary level of the watershed, are usually found to be free from reh efflorescence. Drainage is to a certain ex tent a palliative and a cure, but, generally speaking, the farmers assert that fully impregnated reh land is incurable and valueless. In gardens and small plots, it has been found useful to dig, out the soil to the depth of two feet or so, entirely, and put in fresh. Dr. Brown, chemical examiner for the Panjab, has demonstrated that nitrate of lime would succeed.
Rohi is the finest natural soil, a stiff loam, which breaks up into large clods.
Sada or Sam, HIND., the surface of land long under water, and covered with smooth, decaying vege tation.
Sailabi, of N.W. Provinces, land vratered by floods or inundations, and thoroughly soaked.
Sankhu, of Bombay, fallow land.
Seota is a rich loam or mould of varying fertility.
Seri, MAHN, arable land originally, for some cause, excluded from the village assessment ; in Telin gana, land.cultivated by ryots for the state ; also waste land or in dispute ; also ploughed land. Shola, of Neilgherry Hills, a grove, a copse.
Shor, of N.W. Provinces, barren land, saline, salt, brackish.
Singa, in Bengal, second-class rice lands, inferior to garha, and superior to bad'h.
Siwai, HIND., a mixture of clay and sand, suited for any soil except rice.
Suggi, of Coorg, harvest time, spring harvest.
Tadal, TAM., high land, incapable of irrigation.
Tal, pl. Tallaon, HIND., low ground. Tal-chua, light land above clay, which soon becomes soft and spongy in wet weather.
Talayari, MALEAL., a chief, a headman.
Tarai, in N.W. Provinces, low, moist lands ; moist, marshy ground along the banks of rivers or at the foot of the Himalayas, but especially the tract running along the foot of the first range of the Himalayas for several hundred miles, and two to fifteen miles broad.
Taram, of Southern India, different kinds of arableland. Taw inyay, of Burma, jungle land.
Thal, of the Panjab, grazing ground.
Tibbah, nearly all sand, the bhur of the provinces, worth very little, and only grows theinferior crops of moth, mash, etc.
Toung, of Burma, a hill. Toung gya, literally hill garden, kumari cutivation.
Udave, in the Nuggur and Hasan division of Mysore, a jungly tract, fit for coffee planting ; jungle allotted to a village for pasture, etc.
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