The Holkar family are Hindu Sudras of the great Dhangar or Shepherd race. They rule over the fertile Malwa province, and are wealthy. Jaswunt Rao died in 1811, and was succeeded by his son Mulhar Rao, who died in 1833 diddles& Martand Rao was adopted as his successor, but was deposed by Ilari Rao. Ilari Rao died in 1843 childless, was succeeded by his adopted son Khandey Rao, who died in 1844, and was suc ceeded by adoption by Tukoji Rao Holkar, whose title is Tukoji Rao Holkar Maharaja Dhiraj, 1Lajeswar, Sawai, Tukoji Rao Ilolkar Baluulur, K.G.C.S.I.
Chlatmpati is Lord of the Umbrella, the source of the Satrap of the Greeks. It is taken by II.11. Maharaja Clehatrapati Sivaji iv. of Kol hapur, Bhonsla family, K.O.S.I.
Claatrapati is assumed also by a Mahmtta lady, another of the Bhonsla family, the princess of Tanjore, who as mentioned by Dr. Russell, when inquiring Of the Prince of Wales 0,,s to his mother's welfare styled Queen Victoria her sister. This princess is 'the daughter of the last raja of Tanjore,.
Chiefs of the Mahrattas are known as the Pant Pratinidhi, Pant Arnatya, the Ghatge chief of Kag,al, chief of Ichalkaranji, chief of Sangli, chief of Mudhol, Patwardhan. There are several Ghor pars chieftains, one of them styled Narayan Rao Ghorpara, Amir-ul-Umra of Dutwad • the Ghor para, also, of Kapshi, and Mudhol and' Saudur.
'Mysore is ruled by a scion of a race who have had many centuries of dominion, with periods of grandeur and depression. Chamrajendra Wadiar, born 1862, was installed 23d September 1868, and placed in charge in March 1881. His full title is Maharaja Chamrajendra Wadiar Bahadur, Raja of Mysore. He was an adopted son of the pre ceding ruler, and reigns under the Partition treaty of 1799. The emblem on the flag of Mysore is the fabulous bird of Hindu mythology, called in Sanskrit the Guuda Bhairiinda, and the Canarese name for it is Gund Warriinda pukshee.' This mythical bird has been the principal crest of the royal family of the Wadiars of Mysore since A.D. 1399. Regarding the Gunda Bhairtinda (Benfey, Sanskrit Dictionary), Gunda signifies the temple of an elephant. Bhairunda, in its adjective form, means formidable. As a nominative, it sig nifies a form of Siva, and is also the name of one of the attendants of Durga. This fabulous bird has, in the animal kingdom of Hindu mythology, the foremost place. The most powerful elephant
ranks below a lion, which ranks below the sarabha, a fanciful animal, which again is inferior to the Gunda Bhairrinda. The emblems of the Maha rajas of Mysore are the sankh, or conch-shell ; the chara, or quoit of war ; the ankusa, or elephant goad ; the kuthdra, or dagger • the makara, or alligator ; the matsya, or fis1;; the sarabha, a fabulous animal ; the salva, or lion ; and the sacred bird above noticed.
The Travancore ruler is H.H. Sri Padmanabha Dasa, Vanji Bala Rama Vanua, Kula Shekara, Kiritapati Manna Sultan, Maharaj Raja Rama Raja Bahaidur, Shamshir Jung, G.C.S.I., Maharaja of Travancore. The family name is said to be Threpathathu Swaroopan. Its princes' titles are Rama Varma, Carela Vaxma, Martandha Varma. The chank-shell is one of the insignia of this race, who claim to be Kshatriya, and follow Brah manism. The chief of their subjects are the Nair, who follow the law of uterine descent.
Among great chiefs in the Peninsula are the Vizianagram, the Venkatagiri, the Bobili, the Beder rulers of Zorapur, the raja of Wanparti ; and of other representatives of ancient dynasties may be named the Zamorin raja Poonithurakon Kunnalakonatiri. In 1766, a zamorin was be leaguered by Ryder Ali ; be set fire to his palace, and voluntarily perished in the flames. Since that time the zamorins have been subject to Mysore, and then to the British. At the latter part of the 18th century, a raja of Bobili acted similarly.
The descendant of the great Rama Raja is the raja of Anagundee, whose title is Sri Mudrajadhee Raja, Raja Parameswara, Sri, Virapratapa, Sri Vira Teroomala, Sri Viravenkata Ramarawya, Deva Maharawya Sumstan Vidaya Nagarum.
Of the chiefs of Mewar, some have the title of Raj, others that of Rawul ; sonae take Rawut as their distinction. Sawai is an honorific epithet adopted by several princes of Northern India, also by the chiefs of Baygoo and Bejolia ; and the Bheendur and Bednore chiefs take respectively Maharaja and Thakur. Sawai means additional, a quarter more, as if to say more than a man.
Of Patiala, in the Panjab, is H.H. Maharaja Rajindar Singh, Mahindar Bahadur, Farzand-i Khas, Daulat-i-Inglishia, Mansur-i-Zaman, Amir ul-Umra, Maharaj Dhiraj, Rajeshar, Sri Maharaja Rajgan, chief of Patiala.