The great demand for cotton goods within the States at first prevented any very considerable exportation. Between 1826 and 1832 the total annual value of the shipments made was under 250,0001., the greater part of which were to Mexico and the South American States. The annual value of the exports in the follow ing years was as under Dollars. Dollars.
1834 . 2,200,000 1837 . 3,758,000 1835 . 2,255,000 1838 . 2,975,000 1836 . 2,831,000 1839 . 3,549,000 In the year ending 30th September, 1842, the exports of cotton manufactured goods from the United States consisted of Dollars.
Printed and coloured piece goods 385,040 White . 2,297,964 Twist, yarn and thread . 37,325 Other cotton goods . . 250,361 2,970,690 In the nine months ending 30th June, 1843, the value of the exports of cotton goods was 3,223,550 dollars, and the principal countries to which they were sent were China, Chili, Brazil, and Mex ico, which took about four-fifths of the whole : it is stated in the official returns that white cotton goods of the value of 113,694 dollars were exported to the Bri tish East Indies. The value of the ex ports to China was 1,063,285 dollars ; to Chili, 550,857 dollars ; Brazil, 383,408 dollars ; and Mexico, 193,027 dollars.
The quantity of cotton imported into France in 1787, the earliest year as to which any returns are given, was 4,466,000 kilogrammes, or not quite ten millions of pounds. In 1815 the import ation was 16,414,606 kilogrammes ; in 1820 had reached 20,000,000 kilogram mes ; in 1825 it was still below 25 mil lions ; in 1830 it amounted to 29i mil lions, and in 1835 reached 38,760,000 kilogrammes, and in 1840 it was 62,942,000 ki]ogrammes(116,000,0OO1bs).
In 1840 the quantity of cotton spun in France was about one-fifth of that used is our mills, and the value of the exports from France, nearly one-third of which, according to Mr. Macgregor (` Commer cial Statistics') are smuggled into Spain, was between one-fifth and one-sixth part of the value of the shipments from England.
In 1820 the value of the exports of cotton manufactured goods was 29,000,000 fr., and in 1840 107,000,000 fr.; and the value of cotton twist exported in 182D was 397,000 fr., and 593,000 fr. in 1840.
The cotton manufacture is of modern introduction in Switzerland. The first spinning-machine was established at St. Gall, in the year 1800; but Switzerland still imports considerable quantities of foreign-spun yarns for the use of her hand-loom weavers, as well as of power loom cloths from England, which are dyed and printed, and afterwards ex ported. So great is the degree of perfec tion attained in the application of the colour denominated Turkey red, that calicoes and prints of that colour are im ported from Switzerland into England : the same may be said of embroidered muslin.
Within the last few years the cotton manufacture has made great progress in the Rhenish provinces of Prussia and in Saxony, and also, though to a smaller extent, in Wiirtemberg and Baden. It is one of the objects of the German Customs' Union to foster the cotton and other manu factures by high duties on the cheaper products of England.
The cotton manufacture is the most generally diffused of all the branches of industry upon which the production of clothing depends. The greater part of the countries in which it is carried on limit their production of cotton goods to the wants of their own people. The per fection to which the spinning processes have been carried in this country has made the greater part of the world in some measure dependent upon our cotton mills for the finer descriptions of yarns, In 1844 the exports of cotton goods, hosiery, and twist from England amounted in value to 25,831,5861., or nearly one half of the total exports. In the follow ing years the declared value was as follows :—