TUMORS OF THE MAXILLARY GLAND.
—This gland may be the seat of any of the forms of tumor met with in the parotid, but, like it, is often involved in growths that develop in the neighboring structures, especially carcinoma of the inferior maxillary. The mass usually projects beneath the jaw. The removal is not as difficult as in the case of tumors of the parotid, the facial and lingual arteries, which are easily tied, and the lingual and hypoglossal nerves, which can easily be avoided, offering no ob stacle to a thorough operation. Here, also, however, it is always best to use the fingers to decorticate, as it were, the growth after incision of the superficial tissues.
Clinical, microscopical, and patholog ical study of the various tumors that occur in the salivary glands. Sum mary: 1. The capsulated tumors of the salivary gland, and probably those which involve them from other portions of the cranium, consist of epithelial elements and a stroma that is of the nature of bone-cartilage. 2. They are benign when they present an organic arrangement, as, for instance, the epithelium and con nective tissue of a gland. They are ma lignant when this order is altered, and the epithelium, either from trauma or by operation, is found in a wrong rela tion to the surrounding tissues, as in the connective tissue of the parotid gland. It develops, then, without the early characteristic stroma. The latter is also wanting when the tumor is ma lignant. 3. Both components of the tumor—the epithelium and the stroma —develop from embryonal tissue in the Cohnheim sense. In the embryo the con ditions for a common development are present, as the parotid as well as the submaxillary gland, before they are cap sulated, lie with individual acini close and firm in the periosteum of the inferior maxilla: i.e., in the perichondrium of Reichert's cartilage. The cylindrical epi thelium comes undoubtedly from the gland itself, perhaps also the pavement epithelium, perhaps from the elongated layer of cells. Dinsberg (Dcut. Zeit. f.
Chir., B. 51, H. 3 and 4, '99).
SALOL.—Salol S. P.), or phenol salicylate, is the salicylic ether of phenol, or the phenylic ether of salicylic acid. It is a reaction-product of salicylic acid with phenol and phosphorus pentachlo ride. It occurs as a white, crystalline, almost tasteless powder, having a faint, aromatic odor. It is soluble in 0.3 part of ether, in chloroform, in 10 parts of alcohol, and in benzin and the fatty oils, and insoluble in water. Salol contains GO per cent. of salicylic acid and 40 per cent. of phenol (carbolic acid), which fact should be remembered when pre scribing it.
Dose and Physiological Action.—The ordinary dose of salol is from 3 to 15 grains. As an antipyretic, the dose should be somewhat larger: from 30 to 45 grains. These larger doses are, however, not advised, on account of the danger of carbolic-acid poisoning.
Ewald (Berl. klin. Woch., xxvi, p. 975, '89) states, as the result of experimental research, that salol is not decomposed in the stomach, but immediately upon its entrance into the intestines it comes in contact with the pancreatic juice, and is broken up into its original constituents, —salicylic acid and phenol,—the prod ucts of decomposition appearing almost at once in the urine in the form of salic yluric acid, which yields a red precipi tate with chloride of iron. Ewald pro posed taking advantage of this fact in order to determine the rate at which food passes from the stomach. After free use of salol the urine becomes black from the products of destruction of carbolic acid, and it is capable of causing the symptoms of poisoning by salicylic acid and by carbolic acid, but is said to be less powerful as a poison than are its un limited ingredients, probably because it is broken up slowly and perhaps escapes in part unchanged (H. C. Wood). P. Cornet (Progres fled., Oct. 29, '92) has found that it increases nitrogenous elim ination.