TURPENTINE is the substance which flows from incisions made in the stem of the pine species. It has the consistence and color of honey, a peculiar smell, a warm and bitter taste ; it dries in the air : it melts at a gentle heat, and burns when ignited with a bright sooty flame. There are several varieties, as-1. Com mon turpentine, obtained from pines aides and silvestris : it consists of spirits of tur pentine (volatile oil), from 5 to 26 per cent. ; and of resin or colophony.-2. Venice turpentine, is extracted from the pines larix (larch), and the French tur pentine from the pimue maritania. The first comes from Styria, Hungary, the Tyrol, and Switzerland, and contains from 18 to 25 per cent. of oil ; the se cond, from the south of France, and contains no more than 12 per cent. of oil. The oil of all the turpentines is ex tracted by distilling them along with wa ter. They dissolve in all proportions in alcohol, without leaving any rrsidumn. They also combine with alkaline leys, and in general with the salifiable bases.
Venice turpentine contains also succinic acid.-3. Turpentine of Strasbourg is extracted from the pinta pima and obits excelsa. It affords 33.5 per cent. of vo latile oil, and some volatile or crystal lizable resin, with extractive matter and succinic acid.-4. Turpentine of the Car pathian mountains, and of Hungary ; the first of which comes from the pines eenihra, and the second from the pines mugos. They resemble that of Stras bourg.-5. Turpentine of Canada, called Caned a balsam, is extracted from the the canadenois and balsam:4a. Its smell is much more agreeable than that of the preceding species.--6. Turpentine of Cyprus or Chio is extracted from the pstaaea terebiAthus. It has a yellow, greenish, or blue-green color. Its smell is more agreeable, and taste less acrid, than those of the precedine sorts.
The pine forests of Carolina and Flo rida supply this country with all its tur pentine. The export trade is considera ble.