Railway Or Railroad Spine
Railway Or Railroad Spine. If The Presence Of Any Gross Lesion Of The Spinal Cord Or Column Can Be Detected, The Case Is At Once Lifted Out Of The Category Of So-called " Railway Spine," Which Latter Must Be Regarded Mainly, If Not Entirely, As A Purely Functional Affection, And ...
Raynauds Disease
Raynaud's Disease. Much May Be Done To Prevent The Seizures By Keeping The Patient In A Uniformly Warm' Atmosphere, Hence In All Severe Types Of The Disorder, When Means Permit, Removal To A Warm Equable Climate For The Winter Should Be Recommended. Body Clothing Is Of Importance; Woollen Garments Alone ...
Retention Of Urine
Retention Of Urine. Before Treatment Can Be Undertaken The Surgeon Must Differentiate Carefully Between Suppression And Retention, And He Should Endeavour To Find Out The Cause Of The Retention, Which Is But A Symptom Or Result Of-several Distinct Diseased Conditions, As Of The Bladder Or More Commonly Obstruction In The ...
Rheumatism
Rheumatism, Gonorrhoeal. The Disease Should Be Treated By Local Agents Applied At The Entrance Of The Poison—the Urethra, Vagina, Vulva, Or Conjunctiva—if Such Treat Ment Has Been Neglected Or Inefficiently Carried Out. Drugs Are Of Very Little Value In The Treatment Of The Joint Affection. In The Early Painful Stage ...
Rheumatism
Rheumatism, Acute. Rest In Bed Must Be Insisted Upon As Soon As The Joint Symptoms Of Rheumatic Fever Appear, As Evidenced By Pain, Heat, Redness And Swelling With Fever And Perspiration. There Is, Perhaps, No Other Diseased Con Dition Where Absolute Rest In The Horizontal Position Is More Clearly Necessary. ...
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis, Chronic. Arthritis I Kformans, Osteo-arthritis, Rheumatic Gout, Chronic Rheumatic Arthritis, Arthritis Sicca And Arthritis Nodosa Are Some Of The Synonyms Of This Obstinate Affection Which Is Essentially Distinct From Either Rheumatism Or Gout. The Disease Is Too Often Regarded As Invariably Progressive And Incurable, But If Taken In ...
Rhinitis
Rhinitis. The Treatment Of Acute And Chronic Inflammation Of The Membrane Lining The Nasal Passages Will Be Found Discussed In The Articles On Catarrh And Hay Fever. Hypertrophic Rhinitis In Its Recurring Form Is Seen In Hay Fever, Where The Various Methods Of Treatment Will Be Found Detailed. Its Typically ...
Rickets
Rickets. Whatever View Be Accepted Regarding The Pathology Or Etiology Of Rickets, All Authorities Are Agreed That The Treatment Must Be Mainly Dietetic. Other Important Agents Must Not, However, Be Overlooked In The Management Of All Cases Of The Disease. These Are Abundance Of Open Air And As Much Sunshine ...
Rigor
Rigor. The Main Treatment Must Obviously Be That Indicated For The Primary Disease, But During And Immediately After The Prolonged Shivering Fit Certain Symptomatic Treatment Should Be Resorted To Independent Of That Of The Malady Causing The Rigor. Following Up The Natural Instinct Of The Patient, Who Generally Has A ...
Rodent Ulcer
Rodent Ulcer. This Must Be Recognised As A Form Of True Cancer And Treated Accord Ingly; A Very Considerable Advance Has Been Made Within The Past Few Years In The Methods Of Dealing With This Most Obstinate Disease. The Plans Of Applying Caustics And The Thermo-cautery Have Been Totally Abandoned, ...
Rosacea
Rosacea. Reflex Irritation From The Stomach, Ovaries Or Nasal Cavities Is Main Tained To Be The Cause Of This Disfiguring Condition Of The Nose By Some, Whilst Others Believe It To Arise From Invasion By The Seborrhoea Microbe. The First Step In Treatment Should Therefore Be A Preliminary Scrutiny Of ...
Rupia
Rupia. As One Of The Manifestations Of Syphilis, This Must Be Treated Constitu Tionally As Well As Locally. Whether The Limpet-shell Crusts Appear In The Late Secondary Or In The Tertiary Period, The Internal Administration Of Mercury Will Always As A Rule Be Necessary, Since The Skin Lesions Respond But ...
Scabies
Scabies. In Mild Cases Of Itch The Use Of Almost Any One Of The Innumerable Parasiticides Will Kill The Acarus And Its Ova, But The Most Harmless To The Patient And The One Most Certain And Cleanly In Its Action Is Sulphur When Properly Used. The Speediest Cure Is Vlemingkx's ...
Scarlatina
Scarlatina. Prophylaxis.—a Tendency Has Been Showing Itself Of Late Years Towards Minimising The High Degree Of The Infectiousness Of The Scarlatina' Poison, Probably Because The Infectivity Of The Desquamated Epithelium Had Been Greatly Exaggerated And The Comparative Immunity Of Infants To The Dis Ease Is Now More Fully Realised. There ...
Sciatica
Sciatica. Before Commencing Treatment There Should Be A Minute Investigation Into Every Possible Cause Of Local Nerve Irritation. There Can He Little Hope Of Successful Treatment Till Such Affections As Sacroiliac And Hip Joint Or Vertebral Disease, And Pelvic Tumours Of Osseous Or Fibrous Nature Are Excluded. Formerly Sciatica Was ...
Sclerodermia
Sclerodermia. In The Diffuse Hide-bound Type Of This Rare Affection, Warm Flannel Clothing Should Be Provided, And The Patient Must Be Protected From All Exposure To Cold. The Administration Of Cod-liver Oil As An Adjunct To The Most Nutritious Diet And Improved Hygiene Should Be Persevered With. Drugs Are As ...
Scrofula
Scrofula. This Is The Name Given To Tuberculous Disease Of The Lymphatic Glands. Under Lymphadenitis The Various Methods Of Treatment Indicated For The Enlargement Of The Glands About The Jaws, In The Neck And Axilla Have Been Already Discussed. Constitutional Is Of More Importance Than Local Treatment. The Mistake Is ...
Scurvy
Scurvy. The Scorbutus Of Adults, Formerly Very Common, Is Now, Owing To Ad Vances In Preventive Medicine, Very Rarely Seen. Prophylaxis.—the Etiology Of The Affection Shows That Though The Absence Of Fresh Vegetables Is The Usual Cause Of The Condition, Life May Be Maintained For Indefinite Periods Without Any Vegetable ...
Sea Sickness
Sea-sickness. A Light Meal At Least 3 Hours Before Experiencing The Ship's Motion And A Large Warm Water Enema To Clear Out The Colon Will Put The Patient In The Best Condition For Struggling Against This Distressing Malady. As Soon As A Susceptible Patient Gets Aboard, He Should Lie Down ...
Sebaceous Cysts
Sebaceous Cysts. These Should Be Removed Before They Become Larger Or Suppurate. When The Cyst Occurs Upon The Scalp, The Hair Over It Should Be Cut Close, And The Skin Cleansed By Washing With A Weak Sublimate Solution. An Incision Made With A Fine Scalpel Suffices To Permit Of The ...
Secretory Neuroses
Secretory Neuroses. Hyperchlorhydria Is The Most Important Of These, But The Mistake Of Confusing This Affection With The More Common Condition Universally Recognised By The Simple Term " Acidity " Should Never Be Made. The Disease Under Consideration Is Characterised By The Presence Of Excess Of Free Hydrochloric Acid In ...
Sensory Neuroses
Sensory Neuroses. Gastralgia, Or Castrodynia.—the Treatment Will Resolve Itself Into The Management Of The Case During The Attack And During The Intervals Between The Paroxysmal Seizures. Pain Must Be Relieved Promptly, As This Is Often As Agonising As In Angina, Gall-stone Colic, Or Acute Perforation. The Ideal Treatment Would Be ...
Snake Bites
Snake Bites. A Ligature Or Tourniquet Should Instantly Be Applied To The Limb On The Proximal Side Of The Wound, And Very Firm Pressure Applied By Inserting A Small Stick Under The Cord, Which, On Rotation, Powerfully Compresses The Vessels And Retards Absorption Of The Venom, Whilst The Tissues Around ...
Soft
Soft Sore.---the Treatment Of This Affection Has Been Already Dealt With Incidentally On P. 116 In The Description Of The Methods Of Treating The Bubo Which Commonly Accompanies It. The Surface Of The Sore Should Be Destroyed By A Strong Caustic, The Most Manageable Being Carbolic Acid, Pernitrate Of Mercury ...
Spermatorriicea
Sperm.atorriicea. Though The Above Unsavoury Title Is Only To Be Met With In The Nomen Clature Adopted By Quacks And The Class Of Unqualified Or Irregular Practi Tioners Who Prey Upon The Fears Of Sexual Hypochondriacs, Nevertheless, In A Volume On Treatment This Heading Should Have A Place, Since It ...
Spina Biftda
Spina Biftda. Tapping And The Injection Of Morton's Iodine Fluid Are Now Abandoned. Unless When The Tumour Is Ruptured During Delivery Of The Child Or Shows Signs Of Spontaneous Rupture Or Causes Paralysis, No Attempt Should He Made To Deal With It By Operation Until The Infant Has Lived For ...
Spine
Spine, Concussion And Injuries Of. Injuries Of The Spinal Cord And Spinal Column Must Not Be Confounded With Each Other. The Weight Of Pathological Evidence Is Decidedly Against The Assumption That The Functions Of The Spinal Marrow Can Be Arrested Without Some Structural Change—contusion, Laceration, Hemor Rhage, Or The Secondary ...
Spine
Spine, Curvature Of. The Angular Curvature Produced By Tuberculous Disease Of The Bodies Of The Vertebrae Is To He Treated On The Lines Laid Down In The Article On Caries Of The Spine Or Pott's Disease. Scoliosis Or Lateral Curvature Of Long Standing Is Always Associated With Some Rotation Of ...
Spleen
Spleen, Affections Of. Displacements Of The Spleen Are To Be Treated Upon The Lines Laid Down For The Management Of Glenard's Disease. The Operations Of Splenopexy (fixing The Organ In Its Normal Position) And Of Splenectomy (removal Of The Spleen) Have Been Frequently Performed With Success For Floating Spleen. Abscesc ...
Sprains
Sprains. When Surgical Aid Is Immediately Available The Best Procedure Is To Apply A Rubber Bandage With A Moderate Degree Of Pressure Commencing At The Distal End Of The Limb In Which The Sprained Joint Is Located And Extending Well Above The Articulation. The Bandaged Joint May Then Be Placed ...
Squint
Squint. The Cause Of The Strabismus Should Be First Ascertained—viz., Whether This Is Due To Paralysis Or To Over-action Of An Ocular Muscle After The Surgeon Has Satisfied Himself About Which Of The Eyes Is At Fault. Convergent, Non-paralytic Or Concomitant Strabismus In Young People Is Usually The Result Of ...
Srell Shock
Srell-shock. Few Diseased Conditions Have Given Rise To So Much Earnest Study And Debate As This Symptom-complex. The Kaleidoscopic Picture In Which Neurasthenic, Hysterical And Psychasthenic Elements Combine In Be Wildering Complexity Has Only Become Familiar During The Late World-war, Though Surgeons Have Long Been Acquainted With Its Milder Analogue ...
Stammering
Stammering. The First Step Should Be A Careful Investigation Of The Nasal Passages, Pharynx And Naso-pharvnx In Order To Discover A Cause For The Reflex Spasm Of The Articulatory Muscles Which Produces The Difficulties In Speaking. Adenoids, Enlarged Tonsils And Every Obstruction To The Freest Passage Of Air Through The ...
Starvation
Starvation. The Most Cautious And Discreet Exhibition Of Aliment Is Essential In All Cases Where The Victim Of Starvation Has Been Long Deprived Of Food. Death Often Rapidly Supervenes Where The Sufferer Is Permitted To Suddenly Satisfy Cravings Of Hunger Following A Forced Abstinence From Food. The Most Easily Digestible ...
Sterility
Sterility. This Condition Must Not He Confounded With Impotence, Though Both Conditions May Exist Together. Where Impotence Is Absent And The Sexual Act Is Performed In The Normal Manner, But Where There Is Absence Of Spermatozoa From The Seminal Fluid, Little Need Be Expected From Any Methods Of Treatment Unless ...
Stings
Stings. The Pain Caused By Wasp And Bee Stings May Be Effectually And Promptly Relieved By The Application Of Liquid Ammonia, If Applied Immediately After The Sting Has Been Received. Sal Volatile Answers The Same Purpose, But Acts Less Rapidly. Where The Sting Is Left In It Should Be Extracted ...
Stomatitis
Stomatitis. In All Cases Of Stomatitis Solid Food Must Be Stopped And A Liberal Dietary Of Milk, Soups, And Pulpy Farinaceous Aliments Administered. Catarrhal Primary Cause Should Be Searched For And Removed, After Which As A Rule The Inflammatory Condition Of The Mucous Membrane Will Rapidly Subside Without Further Treatment. ...
Stone In The Bladder
Stone In The Bladder. Once A Calculus Has Been Detected In Thelbladder By The Sound The Question Arises: Should Medical Treatment Have A Trial ? Notwithstand Ing The Views Put Forth By Roberts Regarding The Possibility Of Dissolving Small Uric Acid Stones By The Administration Of Bicarbonate Of Potassium, All ...
Stone In The Kidney
Stone In The Kidney. Treatment Will Depend Upon The Symptoms Present And Upon The Nature Of The Concretion And Its Exact Site. Gravel Or The Passage Of Renal Sand, Which Is Usually Composed Of A Small Conglomeration Of The Crystals Of Uric Acid Ur Unites, Is Of Tun Unattended With ...
Stone In The Urethra
Stone In The Urethra. The Lain May Be Intense Owing To The Spasm Of The Muscular Fibres, And No Attempt Should He Made At The Mechanical Removal Of The Stone Till The Urgency Of The Symptoms Has Been Somewhat Relieved By A Very Hot Bath And A Hypodermic Close Of ...
Stricture Of The Urethra
Stricture Of The Urethra. Spasmodic Stricture Of The Urethra Occurs At Some Period In Nearly All Cases Of Neglected Organic Narrowing, The Element Of Superadded Spasm Suddenly Showing Itself By The Production Of Retention Of Urine. Simple Spasmodic Stricture Is Caused By Some Reflex Contraction Of The Constrictor Urethra Muscle, ...
Stye
Stye. This Condition Is Often Produced By Infection From The Scales Of Sebor Rh,_ea Falling Down Upon The Eyelashes From A Scurfy Scalp, Hence Preventive Measures In All Recurring Cases Should Be Directed To The Treatment Of The Primary Affection. In The Early Stages Epilation Will Generally At Once Remove ...
Suppression Of Urine
Suppression Of Urine. Anuria, When The Result Of Degenerative Changes In The Kidney, Is Usually Beyond The Reach Of Art, But The Form Which Sometimes Occurs In Acute Bright's Disease May Be Combated Successfully By The Use Of The Agents Detailed In The Article On That Disease. Anuria Coming On ...
Syncope
Syncope. The Patient Must Be Placed In The Horizontal Position, %vith His Head Low—a Little Lower Than The Level Of His Body. All Constrictions About His Neck Should Be Removed Without Delay, And A Current Of Pure Cold Air Should Be Allowed To Blow Over Him When Possible. As Swallowing ...
Synovitis
Synovitis. Simple Acute Ioflaimodlion Of The Synovial Membrane Due To Sprain Or Other Form Of Trauma Should Be Met By Absolute Rest Of The Affected Joint. This May He Carried Out In Various Ways, As By The Use Of Splints, Sand Bags, Etc., And The Joint Should Be Fixed In ...
Syphilis
Syphilis. Prophylaxis.---.1s Regards The Preventive Treatment Of Syphilis, The Subject Is In The Main A Question Of Morals, And May Be Summed Up In The Single Word—purity. Prophylaxis Becomes A Practically Professional Problem In Those Cases Where The Marriage Of An Individual Who Has Suffered From Sy Pinlis Is Contemplated. ...
Tapeworm
Tapeworm. Male Fern Maintains Its Supremacy As The Best Of All Remedies For The N'a Rillus Species Of Tapeworm Found In The Human Intestines. The 13.p. Liquid Extract Is The Only Reliable Preparation Of The Drug. By Care In Its Administration, And By A Knowledge Of The Way In Which ...
Tetanus
Tetanus. The Mortality Of Tetanus Has Been Reduced During The Progress Of The Late War To A Remarkable Extent. The Incidence Of The Disease Amongst The Wounded Has Fallen According. To Bruce, From 16 Per 1,000 In 1914 To Under 2 In 1917, And The Mortality In Those Affected Has ...
Tetany
Tetany. Little Is To Be Expected From Purely Symptomatic Treatment Till The Underlying Cause Has Been Discovered And Removed. Thus, When Tetany Is The Result Of Thyroid Removal Or Disease, Feeding By Tabloids Of Dried Gland Gives Satisfactory Results. Where The Symptoms Supervene During Pregnancy, They Often Cease After Delivery, ...
Threadworm
Threadworm. Once These Parasites Have Gained Admission To The Intestinal Canal Their Ova, Which Are Invisible, Get Under The Finger-nails In Scratching, And Are Conveyed To The Patient's Mouth Again, So That Reinfection Is Constantly Occurring. Absolute Cleanliness Is, Therefore, An Essential, And Children Should Be Made To Sleep In ...
Tinnitus Aurium
Tinnitus Aurium. Buzzing Or Painful Sounds Felt In The Ear Are Hut Subjective Symptoms Of Some Irritation Of The Acoustic Nerve. The Treatment Of This Symptom Will Obviously Depend Upon The Various Exciting Causes, And The Treat Meat Of The Different Diseases Of The Car, In Which Tinnitus Is A ...
Tongue
Tongue, Diseases Of. Cancer Of This Organ Will Be Found Dealt With On P. 129 In The Article On Cancer. Inflammation Of The Tongue Is To Be Treated As Described Under The Article Glossitis, Upon P. 338. Superficial Ulcerations Arc To Be Dealt With As Mentioned Under Stoma Titis, Upon ...
Tonsils
Tonsils, Diseases Of. In The Common Form Of " Sore Throat," Known As Acute Catarrhal Pharyngitis, Hospital Sore Throat, Angina Simplex, Etc., The Tonsils Are More Or Less Constantly Involved, Though The Affection Should Be Considered As A Septic Inflammation Starting Originally In The Mucous Membrane Of The Pharynx, And ...
Toothache
Toothache. The Pain Is Usually Due To Caries, The Result Of Bacterial Activity Which Involves The Dentine Or Causes Acute Inflammation Of The Pulp; It May Also Arise From Periostitis Or Suppuration Of The Alveolar Bone, Or The Impaction Of A Wisdom Tooth. The First Step Is To Exclude Neuralgia ...
Trance
Trance. Under I I Vsteria The Treatment, Moral And Medicinal, Of The Hysterical Condition Which Generally Underlies Trance Will Be Found Detailed. If The State Of Trance Be Not Very " Deep," The Treatment Described Under Catalepsy Will Lie Successful. Electricity In The Form Of A Strong Inter Rupted Current ...
Treatment After
Treatment After Operation.—the Following Symptoms May Require Treatment: Shock And Collapse.—nothing Is So Effectual In Warding Off Or In Treating Shock And Collapse As The Administration Of Normal Saline Solution Or, Better Still, Of Bayliss' Solution As Described Above. If The Collapse Is Very Profound, The Intravenous Method May He ...