SYNCOPE.
The patient must be placed in the horizontal position, %vith his head low—a little lower than the level of his body. All constrictions about his neck should be removed without delay, and a current of pure cold air should be allowed to blow over him when possible. As swallowing is for the time impossible, a dash of cold water in the face is a powerful reflex stimulant to the heart, and may be safely resorted to. Ammonia, Smelling Salts, or Strong Acetic Acid to the nostrils, with flipping the hands by, a wet cloth, may be tried. Where the attack withstands this, and the patient is still unable to swallow, Ether or Ammonia (Sal Volatile, I part: water, 5) may be injected hypodermically, ur Whiskey and water, 13randy, Wine, or any available stimulant may be injected into the rectum. As soon as the power of swallowing returns, stimulants may be given by the mouth.
Ammonia, Ether, or Strychnine, may be in desperate eases injected directly into a vein, and Electricity—the interrupted current—applied to the phrenic nerve or heart. Nitrite of Amyl inhalation may be tried.
Where liemorrhage has been the cause of the fainting, success may follow the rapid elevation of the lower extremities and the application of a rubber bandage to drive the blood which' is contained in them towards the heart. Where these measures fail, transfusion or intravenous injection of Saline solution should be resorted to without delay. Artificial respira tion. frictions, electric shocks through the arms, and the application of hot sinapisms nine he tried whilst the inure serious operation of transfusion or intravenous injection of weak Saline solution, Pituitary or Adrenalin is bein,.; proceeded with. (See under ('ollapse, p. 166.) 'Ile Laborde or Konig-.Maas methods, described under Poisoning by Chloroform, should always he tried.