Anticipation
Anticipation, A Term Used By Certain Writers, And Particularly By Lord Bacon, As Nearly Synonimous With Hypothesis In Philosophy. (see Hypothesis.) The Invention Of Hypothesis, Or Suppositions, Possessed Of A Tolerable Degree Of Plausibility, Was Almost The Only Method Of Philosophising Employed By The Sages Of An Tiquity. It Was ...
Antigoa Antigua
Antigua, Antigoa, Or Antego, One Of The Prin Cipal West India Islands, Belonging To Great Britain. It Is Situated About 20 Leagues To The Eastward Of St. Chris Topher's, And Is About 20 Miles In Length, And 50 In Cir Cumference. This Island Was Discovered By Columbus, In The Course ...
Antigonus
Antigonus, One Of The Generals Of Alexander The Great, Is Generally Supposed To Have Been An Illegitimate Son Of Philip, The Father Of Alexander. In The Division Of The Provinces, Which Took Place After Alexander's Death, Antigonus Received, As His Portion, Lycia, Phry Gia, And Pamphylia. His Great Abilities, And ...
Antimony
Antimony. This Is A Poisonous Metal, And Its Chief Preparations Are The Following : Tartar Emetic, Oxide Of Antimony, Sulphuretted Oxide, And Muriate, To Which We May Add Antimonial Vapours. Tartar Emetic Is Proved To Be A Poison, Because, When Dogs That Had Taken It Were Prevented From Vomiting, They ...
Antimony_2
Antimony, A Name Given By The Alchemists To A Mineral Of A Dark Grey Colour, Metallic Lustre, Striated Texture, And Very Considerable Specific Gravity. It Was Afterwards Discovered, That This Substance Consists Of A Peculiar Metal, Combined With Sulphur. The Term Re Gulus Of Antimony Was Then Employed To Distinguish ...
Antinomians
Antinomians, (from Call, Against, And Vo,itos, A Law) Those Who Deny The Obligation Of The Moral Law, And Who Hold Such Tenets As Supersede The Necessity Of A Virtuous Life. The Name Was First Given By Luther, In 1538, To The Followers Of John Agricola, Who Taught, That The Law ...
Antioch
Antioch, A City Of Syria, Situated On The Banks Of The River Orontes, About Twenty Miles From The Place Where It Falls Into The Mediterranean, Was Built By Se Leucus Nicator, 300 Years Before The Birth Of Christ. It Was Called Antioch, In Honour Of Antiochus, The Father Of Seleucus, ...
Antiparos
Antiparos, A Small Low-lying Island In The Archi Pelago, About Sixteen Miles In Circumference, And Of A Long Narrow Irregular Figure. It Is Separated From Paros By-a Strait Less Than A Mile Broad, And Lies In East Long. 25° 4', North Lat. 36° 58'. An Inconsiderable Town, At One End, ...
Antipas Herod
Antipas Herod, Was One Of The Sons Of Herod The Great, By His Wife Cleopatra, Who Was A Native Of Jeru Salem. His Father Herod, In His First Will, Had Appoint Ed Him His Successor ; But Altered This Afterwards In Favour Of Archelaus. Antipas, Advised By The Orator Irendus, ...
Antipater
Antipater, The Macedonian, The Son Of Tolaus, Was First An Officer Under Philip, King Of Macedon ; And Was Afterwards Raised To The Rank Of A General, Under Alexander The Great. When The Latter Invaded Asia, Antipater Was Appointed Governor Of Macedonia ; And In This Station He Served His ...
Antipater_2
Antipater, The Idumean, The Father Of Herod The Great, Was At First Called Antipas, And Was The Son Of Antipas, Governor Of Iclumea. He Took A Very Ac Tive Part In The Contest Which Was So Long Carried On Between The Two Brothers, Aristobulus And Hyrcanus, Respecting The Office Of ...
Antipathy
Antipathy, In Pllysiology, A Natural Aversion Felt By Any Sentient Being At The Real Or Supposed Pre Sence Of Particular Objects. It Is Compounded Of The Greek Words Zgyti, Against, And Passion, And Stands Directly Opposed To Sympathy, Or Fellow-feeling. Whe Ther Or Not Such A Principle As This Has ...
Antiquities
Antiquities, A Term Properly Denoting Whatever Testimonies, Records, Or Memorials, Of Ancient Nations Have Descended To Modern Times. It Is Likewise Employ Ed To Signify The Knowledge Which May Be Obtained Re Specting The Monuments, Archives, Implements, Coins, Ceremonies, Arts And Manners Of Ancient Nations, As Well As The Science ...
Antiseptics
Antiseptics. Some Varieties Of Vegetable Mat Ter, And The Greater Number Of The Animal Products, Are Liable To A Series Of Spontaneous Decompositions, From The Re-action Of Their Elements, Which Constitute The Process Of Putrefaction. The Intermixture Of Cer Tain Substances Counteracts These Changes ; Renders Them More Slow, Or ...
Antisthenes
Antisthenes, A Celebrated Athenian Philoso Pher, The Founder Of The Cynic Sect, Was Born About The Ninetieth Olympiad, Or The Year 420 B. C. In His Youth, He Had Been Engaged In Military Exploits; Till, Captivat Ed By The Wisdom Of Socrates, He Prevailed Upon Many Young Men, Who Were ...
Antoinette Bourignon
Bourignon, Antoinette, A Celebrated En Thusiast, Was Born At Lisle, In Flanders, In The Be Ginning Of The Year 1616. She Died At Franeker On The 30th Of October, 1680. Her Life Was Not Dis Tinguished By Any Thing Very Brilliant, Or Very Inter Esting ; And Therefore A Minute ...
Antoniano
Antoniano, Srlyro, Cardinal, Was Born At Rome On The 31st Of December, 1540, Of A Very Obscure Family. When Only Ten Years Of Age, He Discovered A Wonderful Talent Of Improvisation, Or Speaking Extempore Verses, With Such Readiness And Fluency As Seemed Altogether Supernatural. He Was Introduced To Cardinal Trueses, ...
Antoninus
Antoninus Pius, One Of The Roman Emperors, Was Born At Lavinium, In The Neighbourhood Of Rome, A. D. 86. He Was Descended From Noble Ancestors, Who Came Originally From Nismes, In Gaul; And His More Immediate Progenitors Had Filled The Highest Offices At Rome. He Was Educated In The House ...
Antoninus Philosophus Marcus Aurelius
Antoninus Philosophus (marcus Aurelius) One Of The Roman Emperors, Was Born At Rome, A. D. 121. His Father Was Annius Verus, Who Held The Of Fice Of Praetor At His Death, And His Mother Was Domitia Calvella, The Daughter Of Calvisius Tullus, Who Had Been Twice Consul. His Father's Family ...
Antoninuss Wall
Antoninus's Wall, A Rampart Erected By The Order Of The Emperor Antoninus, Stretching Between The Frith Of Forth And The River Clyde. The Romans, In The Course Of Their Endeavours To Conquer Britain, Found Themselves, At Different Times, Obliged To Erect Extensive Military Works, To Repress The Incursions Of The ...
Antrim
Antrim, A County Of Ireland, In The Province Of Ulster. It Is Bounded On The North And East By The Sea, On The West By The County Of Londonderry, And On The South By Lough Neagh, And The County Of Down. Its Greatest Length, From North To South, Is Fifty-six ...
Anub1s
Anub1s, An Egyptian Deity, Represented By A Hu Man Figure, With The Head Of A Dog. The Common Account Of The Origin Of This Deity, Is This : Isis Having Lost Osiris, Employed Dogs To Assist Her In Her Search, And At Last Discovered Him By The Help Of That ...
Anvers Antwerp
Antwerp, Anvers, Amberes, Or A City Of France, And Capital Or The Department Of Dcux Nethes, Is Situated In An Extensive Plain On The Eastern Bank Of The River Scheldt, Which Is Here 2160 Feet Broad, And From 20 To 40 Feet Deep, So That Vessels Of Great Burden Can ...
Apamean Medal
Apamean Medal, A Medal Struck At Apamea, In The Time Of Philip The Elder,* Bearing A Curious Device, And An Inscription No Less Remarkable. On One Side Of This Medal Is The Head Of The Emperor, Crowned With Laurel, Surrounded With The Usual Inscription, Ayt, K. Ioya. 01a111110z Ayr, That ...
Aperture
Aperture, In Optics, From Ajierire, To Open, Is The Open Part Of An Object Glass, Through Which The Rays Of Light Are Transmitted From The Object, In Order To Form An Image Of It In The Interior Of The Tube. It Is Also Em Ployed To Signify Any Hole Or ...
Aphis
Aphis, The Puceron, Pant Louse, Vine Fretter, Or Blighter, An Animal Which Presents Several Remarkable Aberrations Trout The Known And Accustomed Laws Of Na Ture; And Has Thence Been Frequent') The Subject Of Ob Servation Among The Most Enlightened Naturalists. The Aphis Is An Insect Of The Order Hcmiptera Of ...
Apicius
Apicius, A Name, Famous In The Animals Of Gluttony. There Were Three Persons Of This Name, All Of Them Re Nowned In The Same Line Of Excellence. The First Lived In The Time Of The Republic, The Second Under Tiberius, And The Third Under Trajan. Of These The Second Was ...
Apis
Apis, The Bee, A Very Numerous Genus Of Insects, Belonging To The Order Hymenoptera, Of Which No Less Than 292 Species Are Described In The Last Edition Of The Systema Naturx ; Of These 110 Are Said By Mr Kirby To Inhabit England. The Precise Extent Of This Genus, How ...
Apocalypse
Apocalypse (from Corexceavvr-rw, I Reveal) Signifies In General Revelation ; But In Particular, The Revelation Of St John The Evangelist, Or, According To The Usual Title Of This Book, The Divine—an Appellation Given To St John By Eusebius, On Account Of His Superior Knowledge Of Some Sublime And Mysterious Points ...
Apocrypha
Apocrypha, A Name Given To Certain Books To Dis Tinguish Them From The Canonical Scriptures. The Word Means, Concealed Or Obscure ; And Was Used To Denote The Uncertain Origin, And Doubtful Authority, Of The Books To Which It Was Applied. They Are 14 In Number, Viz. 1 Esdras. 2 ...
Apollo
Apollo, In Mrrnolony, One Of The Most Celebrated Of The Heathen Deities. This Deity Was In Great Repute, Both Amongst The Greeks And Romans. He Is A Great Favourite With The Poets, Who Claim Him As Their Patron, And Have Exerted All Their Powers To Celebrate His Praise. But Though ...
Apollonius
Apollonius Tyan/eus, A Noted Pythagorean Philo Sopher, Was Born At Tyana, A City In Cappadocia, Three Or Four Years Before The Christian Sera. He Applied Him Self, At A Very Early Age, To The Study Of The Philosophy Of Pythagoras, And Rigidly Observed The Most Austere Prescriptions Of His Master. ...
Apollonius Bergeus
Apollonius Bergeus, One Of The Most Distin Guished Of The Ancient Mathematicians, Was Born At Perga, In Pamphylia, And Flourished About 200 Years Before The Christian Xra. Alter Studying At Alexandria, Under The Disciples Of The Celebrated Euclid, Lie Com Posed A Variety Of Works On Geometry, Which Gained Him, ...
Apostle
Apostle, Signifies A Messenger, Or Person Sent Upon Some Particular Business ; Hence, By Way Of Emi Nence, It Denotes One Of The Twelve Whom Our Lord Selected From Among His Disciples, And Invested With A Divine Commission To Preach And Propagate His Gospel. The Names Of The Apostles Are, ...
Apotome
Apotome, In Music, (p) Is A Small Interval, Re Maining After A Limma Is Taken From A Major Tone. The Curious Relations Which The Magnitudes Of Musical In Tervals Bear To Each Other, Having Of Late Years Engaged The Attention Of Several Ingenious And Learned Men, Par Ticularly The Late ...
Apparent Heir
Apparent Heir, In Common Language, Signifies The Eldest Son ; Or One Who, During The Ancestor's Life Time, Is Likely To Be His Successor. In This Sense, The Term Is Also Used In The English Law, To Denote A Person Who Has An Indefeasible Right Of Inheritance. In The Law ...
Apparition
Apparition, A Preternatural Appearance Of Some Departed Spirit, Angel, Genius, Or • Demon. As Distin Guished From A Vision, It Implies Something External To The Mind, Which Preternaturally Appears To View ; Where As A Vision Implies The Existence Of No Spectre Or Exter Nal Appearance, But Merely Something Extraordinary ...
Appeal
Appeal, In Law, (from The French Verb Neut. Ap Pellet)) Signifies The Removal Of A Cause Or Suit From An Inferior To A Superior Judge Or Tribunal. Of This Nature Were The Ancient Appeals To The Court Of Rome, In Ecclesiastical Matters, Introduced Into Eng Land Along With The Canon ...
Appeal
Appeal, (from The French Verb Act. Appeller,) In English Law, Also Signifies A Criminal Prosecution At The Suit Of A Private Individual, In Order To Obtain The Inflic Tion Of Punishment On Account Of The Particular Injury Suffered, Rather Than For The Offence Against The Public. In This Sense, The ...
Appeal_2
Appeal, Of The Same Signification In The Law Of Scot Land, Is Generally Employed To Express The Act Of Bring Ing A Decree Of The Court Of Session Under The Review Of The House Of Lords. It Was Once Warmly Disputed, Whether The Decrees Of The Session Were, Before The ...
Appellation
Appellation, The Name Or Title By Which Any Thing Is Commonly Known Or Distinguished. It Is Both Amusing And Instructive To Trace The Changes Which Have Gradually Arisen In Names, Either From Ca Sual Corruption, The Ignorance Of Those By Whom They Are Applied, Or The Progressive Alteration Of Manners ...
Appetite
Appetite, In Morals, In Its Most General Sense, Signifies An Inclination Or Desire After Any Thing That Is Supposed To Be Conducive To Our Happiness. Taken In This General View, Our Appetites Have Been Divided Into Two Classes, The Sensitive, Which Proceed From The Im Mediate Impulse Of The Senses, ...
Apprentice
Apprentice, (french, Apprentrf, From Apprendre, To Learn), Signifies One W Ho Engages To Serve A Master For A Limited Period, With The View Of Obtaining The In Struction Requisite To Qualify Him For The Exercise Of Some Profession, Art, Or Trade. See Note On Apprentise Ship. Minors Voluntarily Binding Themselves ...
Apprenticeship
Apprenticeship, Is Sometimes Employed To Ex Press The Contract By Which The Apprentice Binds Himself To His Master, And Sometimes The Term Or Period Of His Service. In The Preceding Article, We Have Endeavoured To Explain The Nature And Legal Effects Of This Contract ; In The Present, We Shall ...
Appropriation
Appropriation, In English Law, Signifies The Perpetual Annexation Of A Benefice, Originally Furls Divini, Et In Patrimonio Nullius, To Some Spiritual Corporation, Either Sole Or Aggregate, Whom The Law Esteems Equally Capable Of Providing For The Service Of The Church, As Any Single Private Clergyman. This Contrivance Seems To Have ...
Aptenodytes
Aptenodytes, Forst. Tern. Bill Longer Than The Head, Slender, Straight, Inflected At The Tip, The Upper Mandible Furrowed Throughout Its Length, The Under Wider At The Base, And Covered With A Naked And Smooth Skin ; Nostrils In The Upper Part Of The Bill, And Concealed By The Feathers In ...
Apuleius
Apuleius Lucius, A Platonic Philosopher, Whose Name Has Been Rendred Famous By Several Works, Par Ticularly His Metamorphoses, Or Golden Ass. He Was Born At Madaura, A Roman Colony In Africa. The Time Of His Birth Is Not Exactly Known, But It Appears From His Works, That He Lived Under ...
Aquatinta
Aquatinta, A Method Of Engraving By Aquafortis, The Impressions From Which Very Much Resemble Draw Ings In Indian Ink. It Is Effected By Covering The Plate, (after The Intended Figure Is Outlined, By Etching, Or Otherwise,) With A Ground, Composed Of Resin, Burgundy Pitch, Or Mastic, Dissolved In Rectified Spirit ...
Arabia
Arabia Is An Extensive Country In Asia, Famous For The Inde Pendence And Bravery Of Its Inhabitants ; And Well Known In History As The Theatre, Where The Impostor, Mahomet, First Propagated His Religion, Which, By The Victorious Arms Of His Followers, Has Spread Over Two Quarters Of The World. ...