llaving thus given a brief sketch of the process of brewing ; we shall now proceed to the description of an extensive brewery, many of which are to be seen in the metropolis.
Description of a London Brewery.
The interior of a complete brewery is represented in Plate LXXVII The dimensions of the different ves sels which it contains, are taken from the brewery of Brown, Parry and Co., Golden Lane, which hav ing been recently rebuilt, contains most of the new imptotemeuts in the utensils employed in this manu facture. We have been compelled, in our Plate, to arrange the various vessels, &c. in a different manner from what they are in the brewery itself, where, from many circumstances, such as the form of the premises. want of sufficient room, Sze. the arrangement is not quite so uniform as it would have been, if none of these causes hatl existed at the time of its erection. Fig. 1. is a plan of the brewery, and Figs. 2 and 3 arc different elevations of the establishment. The latter are not taken upon any particular line, being chiefly intended to skew the relative levels of the different vessels. The same letters of reference apply to all the figures. A, B represents the two coppers, each containing 300 barrels, having the fireplaces beneath them ; a, a are their chimneys ; and C, ll the two mash tuns, situated exactly over the underbacks E. and F (Fig. 2.) G is the build ing for a steam engine of 36 horse power ; II the boilers of the engine ; b its working beam, and d its fly wheel. On the axis of this is a bevelled cog wheel, giving motion to a vertical shaft e, from which, by means of wheel-work, the power of the engine is distributed through the works. At fit works the pumps for rais ing water from the well to a cistern over the engine house ; 1, in, and a, are three other pumps, for raising the liquor in different stages of the process. A shaft g drives the four mill-stones r for grinding the malt ; two others at h (Fig. 1.) turn the mashing machines, which agitate the malt while in the process of mashing : k is a screw for conveying the grist from the mill towards the mash tuns. It is enclosed' in •1.1, wooden tube, into which the malt drops, and as the screw revolves it pushes the grist along the tube. The screw is formed by tin plates nailed upon a wooden shaft, which is turned by the mill. This shaft conveys the malt to another screw o placed inclined, which elevates the grist into a screwing machine T, through which the ground malt passes; but any grains of malt, which may have escaped the stones without being broken, are separated and delivered between a pair of iron rollers at t, which crushes them, and they fall into a screw v, which also receives the grist that has passed through the screw, and conducts all together into the binns, VW, Fig. 2, situa ted over the mash tuns, where it is kept for use ; and when it is wanted, it is let down into the tuns, by draw ing a number of shuttles in the bottom of the binns.
Besides these, there are other movements, which can not be wholly shewn in such small figures ; such as at Q, which is a sack-tackle, for drawing up sacks of malt from carts in the street, to the loft in the top of the building. Here the sacks are placed upon a hand-bar row, and wheeled to small trap-doors in the floor, through which the malt is pushed down into the great malt binns S, Fig. 1 and 3, where it is kept till wanted for grind ing. It is then filled into sacks again, which are drawn up from the binns by a sack-tackle, and wheeled to the hoppers x, Fig. 2, over the mill-stones. Here the malt is shot into a small binn ; and a machine y, called Jacob's ladder, elevates it into the hopper. This machine is a broad endless strap, with small tinplate buckets sewed upon it. The strap revolves upon two wheels, one at
the bottom, and the other at the top of the lift. The buckets fill themselves with malt in the lowest binn, and throw it into the hopper; as the mill causes it to revolve in the same manner as the chains of buckets employed in some countries to raise water.
The hops are drawn up from the carts by a tackle at Z in the plan, and deposited in the loft 1, (Fig. 3.) \Vhen they are wanted for use, the bags are wheeled upon a truck along the different lofts, to the floor level with the top of the coppers A, B, where the bags are cut open, and thrown into the coppers. The steam engine, as before mentioned, works an eight barrelled pump f, Fig. 2. termed the cold liquor pump, which raises the cold water (liquor) from the well, situated at K, and pumps it into an immense cistern N, (liquor back) placed over the steam engine ; to which, indeed, it forms a t oof, being 32 feet long, 12 wide, and eight feet in depth. I lere the liquor is reserved for use. From the liquor-back it is conducted by a pipe, shewn by the black line 2, 2, 2, Fig. 2, to the coppers A, B, and has sluice cocks to stop or admit it to either at plea sure. In various parts of this pipe are short branches, ending in a screw vessel. To these branches the ends of leather pipes, (hose) such as are used in fire engines, arc at pleasure connected by screw sockets, and the liquor, (water) by these, conveyed to any part of the premises ; a nose pipe being screwed to the other end of the hose. A jet of water is thrown into any of the ves sels in the whole works, to wash and sweeten them, or to fill them with liquor when the brewing is stopped for a time, that the vessels may not dry and crack, so as to leak when again used. The liquor, when heated in the coppers, is let out through large cocks into copper cisterns 4, 4, Fig. 1 and 2, and these communicate by pipes with the mash tuns. The vvort, when mashed, is let down by cocks into the under backs. The wort pump n, Fig. 2, has pipes coming from either of the under backs E, F, to take the wort from them, and throw it up into a gutter, 14, 14, conducting it into various parts of the premises, and having plugs in the bottom to let it escape at any particular place. \Vhen the wort is pumped up into the copper, it runs into a shallow back, 5, from which it is admitted to either copper at pleasure. After being boiled with the hops, the vvort and hops are let off through the cocks; and wooden gut ters are hung on the cocks to conduct the wort from either copper into the jack back X, which has a floor of cast iron plates, pierced with shall holes, to admit the wort, but retain the hops. This wort runs into a cask V, from which it is drawn by a pipe leading to the wort pump 71, and by this it is thrown again into the gutter 14, which conducts it to any of the coolers LL, Fig. 1, 2, and 3, which are very shallow hacks, occupying one wing of the building, as shewn in Fig. I. They are more numerous than they appear to be in the drawing, a cooler being placed in any convenient part of the brewery ; for as they require a sufficient number of coolers, to contain at least three or four times the con tents of the two coppers, it requires every vacant space to receive them. Those in the wing are placed one over the other, and the building has very large open win dows in all its sides, that the air may have free access to the wort in them, in order to cool it as expeditiously as possible. The hops which are left, as before mentioned, in the jack back, are filled, by men, into tubs, which are drawn up by a tackle worked by the engine, and again put into the copper to be boiled a second time, .pith the second and third wort.