In Figs. 10 and 11, we have given two views of a cock, extremely useful in breweries, which was invent ed by Mr B•amah. In Fig. 11, A is a conical brass chamber, with three pipes B, C, D, Fig. 10. proceeding from it. The base of the cone is closed by a lid E, in the centre of which another pipe F is joined. Within the chamber a hollow conical plug is fitted, which can be turn ed round by the handle a, and which has a hole on one side of it ; and when this is turned opposite to any of the pipes B, C, or D, a passage is opened for the fluid conveyed into the interior cavity of the plug from the pipe F. A cock of this kind answers the purpose of three or four in distributing the liquor which flows through F, in three or four directions. Fig. 12 represents another excellent stop cock by Mr Bramah. The pipe A, which conveys the liquor, (from the copper for in stance,) has the conical chamber B, containing the plug D screwed to it. From the side of this chamber the pipe C proceeds, and is opened when the hole in the side of the plug D is opposite to the end of the pipe. The advantage of this construction is, that the pressure of the fluid always tends to force the plug into its seat, so that no screw or rivet is necessary to hold it in ; or, if these are applied by way of precaution, they need not be made tight. The cock, Figs. 10 and 11, is kept tight by the same means, as the fluid enters the base of the cone, and tends to press the plug into its chamber.
Fig. 6, Plate LXXVIII, is a simple and effectual substitute for a cock in many situations of a brewery, particularly at the bottom of the coolers, or any other back, for instance, the back 5, Plate LXX VI, from which the contents are admitted into the pan over the copper. A, is a brass valve seat, which has a conical valve a, ex actly fitting the seat, and closing its aperture when shut. The seat is fixed down in the wooden bottom of the back, by small screws ; and from the seat rises two iron bars, d, d uniting at top, and supporting a screw, which is turned round by a handle t. The shank b, of the valve a, has an opening through it, and above this the screw is tapped into it. This opening receives a cross bad of the frame d, which, at the same time that it sus tains the lower pivot of the screw, prevents the valve shank b, from turning round with the screw, which will raise or lower the valve at pleasure.
Fig. 13, of Plate LXXIX, is a contrivance of Mr Bramah's, which at t mes may be found of great advan tage in a brewery. It is a cock to be put in the great store vat for tasting the beer at various periods. An ordinary cock is driven into the cask, in the common way ; but it sometimes happens that one of the hoops breaks, from the contraction of the iron in cold weather, or other causes, and falling down the vat, it strikes out the cock, so that the beer may run out for many hours before the accident is discovered. This cock too is al
ways open to the workmen. Mr Bramah's tasting cock, is a brass tube, A, with a shoulder a, which is the only projection on the outside of the vat, and is held in by a nut b, screwed upon it on the inside of the stave B of the vat. In the end of the tube is a plug c, ground and fitted in, and having a hole in one side. The key D of the cock, which is bored through the shank, and also through one of the ends of the cross handle, being in troduced into the cock, fits upon a square, a triangle, a circle, or any other figure, at the end of the plug; and when the key is turned round, so that the handle is up right, the cock is open, and the beer will flow through the handle as a spout. This cock cannot be opened without its key, which is always in the possession of master brewer.
Fig. 7, of Plate LXXVIII, is a small apparatus, which, at Mr Goodwynne's brewery, is used for the purpose of supplying hot water, to wash the casks or buts in which the beer is sent away from the brewhouse. The water is drawn by a cock, from a copper on purpose, and by a short canvass pipe is conducted into the hung hole of the cask. The washing is performed by a man shak ing the cask and then pouring out the water. As the attendant cannot see the quantity of water which has run in before he shuts the cock, he constantly draws too much or too little, and thus wastes either the hot water, or his time.
The copper globe A, is made to contain the proper quantity of water which is brought from the boiler, by the pipe B, and can be admitted at pleasure, by the cock D. The water is conducted into the cask by a pipe E, which has a cock F so connected to the former cock by the rod a, that when the one is open the other is shut: a small air pipe b, goes from the globe, and rises to the same height as the water stands in the boiler, and is open at top. When D is open and F shut, the water from the boiler fills the globe, the air escaping by the pipe b. When the canvass tube E is put into the bung hole of the cask, by turning the handle e, the cock F is open ed, and the contents of the globe run into the cask, hut no more ; for D was shut at the same time. By this means a certain quantity of any fluid may be measured out. The object here proposed is so trivial, that we should not have noticed it, but the apparatus seems ap plicable to many other useful purposes in the arts, where a certain quantity of any article is required to be drawn off at a time. We have seen a similar contrivance, for measuring the corn for feeding horses : a square wood en tube was used instead of the globe, and small shut tles in place of the cocks.