CARGILLIA, a genus of plants of the class Polega ima, and order Dicecia. Sec Bor.isv, p. 342; and Brown's Prodrontus Plant. .Vov. Hall. &C. p. 226.
CARlA was an ancient kingdom in Asia Minor ; the limits of which are defined so differently bv different authors, that we should be tempted to reject their authority altogether, were it not more congenial to the spirit of legitimate criticism to reconcile their discre pancy, by supposing that they describe this region as it was extended or contracted at different periods. We, perhaps, approximate as near as possible to the truth, when we say, that it was bounded on the cast by Phrygia and Lycia ; on the south by the Mediterranean Sea ; on the west by the sea ; and on the north by Ionia and the river Meander, which separated it from Lydda. Surrounded by the sea on two sides, its inhabitants were drawn to maritime affairs more than to agriculture ; and hence its valleys, though numerous and well sheltered, were not so fruitful as the hand of industry might have rendered than ; but its mountains were covered with flocks, the wool of which, from its superior quality, formed all article of commerce with the neighbouring states. The principal cities of this district, on the south, were Calinda. ca,niniis. Physicus ; on the west. Cnidns, Ceranms. Ilalicarnassus, Myndus, ; and in the interior, Antiochia, Laodicea, Trapazopolis, Aphrodislas, Apollonia, Alabanda, Stratonicc, Tcrdtba, Pedesa, and Alinda.
Nothing is more difficult than to trace the name and the inhabitants of an ancient dynasty to their source. and in the present case we are involved in the deeper' obscurity. Whether the Carians, as they assert, were aborigines, or, according to the assertion of others, Pelasgians or Cretans, is unknown ; but the country rises on the page of history at a very early period under the name of Phccnicia,—a name originating in the do minion which the Phoenicians exercised over it. Car, who has descended to us as the brother of Lydus and Mvsus, two princes who gave names to Lydia and Mysia, accompanied by a band of his countrymen, emigrated from Maconia, the ancient name of Lydia, over which his father reigned ; and settling in this region, called it Carla, a name derived from his own. This account, given us by Herodows, receives some confirmation from . a temple built at Mylases, dedicated to Jupiter the Carian, and in which, from the most remote antiquity, the Carians, the Lydians, and the Mysians, assembled to gether, as if descended from the same source, to wor ship their common god. Governed by the wisdom and
defended by the bravery of Car and his descendants, the inhabitants of this country rose to power and to emi nence, wrested the island of 11 bodes from the Phoenicians ; and, emboldened by this first success, embarked their daring veterans, and subjugated the other islands of the neighbouring seas. To reconcile the contradictory ac counts which Thucydides and Herodotus give of their history after this period, we must suppose, with the for mer, that Minos II. forced them, at first, to abandon these islands ; and, with the latter, that he afterwards allowed them to return to their possessions, upon receiv ing from them a number of ships to increase his navy. But when Greece advanced in power and enterprise, she landed various bands of bold adventurers on the coasts of Carla, and drove the inhabitants to the mountains and barren parts of the country. The hardships and dangers, however, to which the natives were thus accustomed, gradually formed them for the most daring exploits ; and incited them, not only to recover the territory which they had lost, but likewise to push their conquests and their commerce by sea. It was about this period, that, having acquired by their skill and courage high military renown, they began as mercenaries to assist the neigh bottling nations that were engaged in war, and their as sistance was ardently sought and liberally rewarded. When, therefore, eleven of the twelve kings, who had divided Egypt among themselves, joined to expel Psam metichus from his division, that wise and magnanimous prince engaged the Carians with some other mercena ries to espouse his cause ; and it was chiefly by their means that on the field he extinguished the hopes of his rivals, and united under his authority the kingdom of Egypt. About this period the independence of the Carians NI as threatened by Alyattes king of Lydia, who invaded their territories with a mighty army ; but their address or bravery either averted or braved his superior power during his whole reign. The happier destiny of Cro2sus, however, accomplished what his lather attempt ed ; and, in Ids victorious career, he rendered Carla de pendent upon his throne, though it appears still to have been goN by its own kings.